Phlebotomy NHA Exam (2023/2024) 75 QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS

Blood Culture additive correct answer: SPS Light Yellow tube additive correct answer: SPS, ACD Light Blue tube additive correct answer: Sodium Citrate Red tube additive correct answer: None Tiger Top/SST/Gold tube additive correct answer: SS Gel Silica, Calcium Clot Activator Light Green tube additive correct answer: Lithium Heparin Light Green/Green tube additive correct answer: Lithium Heparin Dark Green tube additive correct answer: Sodium Heparin Lavender tube additive correct answer: Potassium EDTA Tan tube additive correct answer: Potassium EDTA Pink tube additive correct answer: Potassium EDTA Gray tube additive correct answer: Sodium Fluoride, Potassium Oxalate Dark Blue/Royal Blue tube additive correct answer: Potassium EDTA What color is a liver test tube? correct answer: green What is hemolysis? correct answer: Rupture or lysis of the blood cells What is hemoconcentration? correct answer: If tourniquet left on for longer than 1 min, there can be an increased localized blood concentration of large molecules such as proteins, cells, & coag. factors What is hemostasis? correct answer: Process of blood clotting; vessels heal What is PKU? correct answer: Phenylketoneuria; a congenital disorder metabolism in infants that results in retardation if not cured, tests performed on newborns using heel stick What is a GTT? correct answer: Glucose Tolerance Test; tests for diabetes by obtaining blood and urine specimens at timed intervals; usually 2hr/4hr or 3hr/5hr What is therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM)? correct answer: Testing procedures to evaluate drug levels in a patient's blood, valuable for drug dosage and to monitor patient for chemicals, medications, etc. OSHA correct answer: Occupational Safety & Health Administration; agency requires employers to provide safe work environment to protect workers from biological/occupational hazards CDC correct answer: Centers for Disease Control & prevention; agency monitors morbidity (disease) and mortality (death) thru country CLSI correct answer: Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute; nonprofit organization recommends quality standards & guidelines for clinical lab procedures SDS/MSDS correct answer: Material Safety Data Sheets; chemical manufacturers must supply these forms for their chemicals, lists precautionary measures and emergency info about accidental exposure to a chemical CMS correct answer: Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services; agency responsible for regulating healthcare industry for the elderly and poor, CLIA, and HIPAA CLIA correct answer: Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments; 1988 federal guidelines that regulate all clinical labs across U.S. HIPAA correct answer: Health Insurance Portability Act; 1996 federal law expanded in 2000 to protect security, privacy, and confidentiality of personal health info Patients Bill of Rights correct answer: Statement originally developed in 1973 by AHA to affirm rights of patients; rights to respectful care, informed consent, refusal of treatment, privacy, confidentiality, procedure info, clean environment, etc. If there is a chemical spill whose guidelines should you follow? a) OSHA b) SDS c) CDC d) CLSI correct answer: b) SDS What color is a hematocrit tube? correct answer: Lavender What color is a blood gas analysis tube? correct answer: Green Capillary Order of Draw for CLSI correct answer: EDTA (lavender), additives, non additives Which additives form clots? correct answer: Red (serum) tube, and Tiger Top/gold Which additives do NOT form clots? correct answer: Any anticoagulants in order of draw How should you store a bilirubin test? correct answer: Cover it with foil How should you store an arterial blood gas test? correct answer: Chill on ice Where exactly should you perform a heel stick on an infant? correct answer: On the fleshy sides of the heel, never in the center or arch of foot What should you tell a patient after collecting a stool sample? correct answer: Do not urinate in the cup What should you do with a urine sample? correct answer: Refrigerate immediately What do you tell a patient to do before a urinalysis? correct answer: Wipe genitals first then pee What do you tell a patient to do for a sputum sample? correct answer: Take a deep breath then cough A patient from the Department of Transportation (DOT) needs to fill out what form? correct answer: CCF Form; federal drug testing Custody and Control Form What device is used to collect blood during a dermal/skin puncture? correct answer: Capillary stick tube; a disposable narrow pipette What mask do you use for a TB patient? correct answer: N95 What can affect basal state? correct answer: Exercise How should you identify a patient before a blood draw? correct answer: State their name, ID, DOB What do you do if a patient has a seizure? correct answer: Terminate procedure and open airway What do you do if a patient has a history of fainting? correct answer: Lay them down for the blood draw What is syncope? correct answer: Fainting How much do you fill the filter paper for an infant on a filter paper test? correct answer: Fill 4 or 5 circles using one large drop of blood, fill each completely until blood is transparent on other side What is the most common complication of a phlebotomy procedure? correct answer: Hematoma What vein should be avoided when drawing blood? correct answer: Basilic vein (pinky side) What is the second choice vein? correct answer: Cephalic vein (thumb side) How many millimeters should not be exceeded by the lancet for an infant heel puncture? correct answer: No more than 2.0 mm Lavender tube common tests correct answer: Complete Blood Count (CBC), WBC, Hematocrit, Hemoglobin Light Blue tube common tests correct answer: Coagulation studies, Platelet Count (PTT), Fibrinogen Gray tube common tests correct answer: GTT, Blood Alcohol, Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS) Which tube should always be filled completely to avoid problems? correct answer: Light blue sodium citrate tube What are the 5 modes of transmission? correct answer: Contact (Indirect and Direct) Droplet Airborne Vehicle Vector What is a nosocomial infection and how can it be prevented? correct answer: Acquired in a healthcare facility, use sanitizer What is PPE? correct answer: Gloves Gowns Masks Goggles Face Shields Respirators