US HISTORY Discussion 3 Week 1.

US HISTORY Discussion 3 Week 1. What are two of the residual effects of victimization? The criminal justice system has responded to these residual effects with reporting assistance. I hope I am answering this correctly, however, when I think of residual effects I think of physical, psychological and emotional effects or trauma a person goes through after the incident. This about if a person was raped. Depending on how the rape occurred it could be physical like soreness, injuries, a person could have nightmares, unable to sleep. Also think about if they received a venereal disease got pregnant. An emotional side of it would obviously fear, they could be in shock, guilt, shame, depressed, embarrassment and may have anxiety. Psychologically, they could be withdrawn, uncomfortable around other people, afraid to leave the house and could have a disruption of sexual relations. There has been studies done at my base in Eglin conducted asking these questions to victims which gave similar answers. If I can find a copy of that study, I will upload it for the class to see. Just like the military, the criminal justice system recognizes that the impact of victimization is life changing and life-long. In order for the assistance process to improve, the criminal justice system must better understand the impact of victimization and the need to essentially treat the victims of crime with compassion, sensitivity, and curtesy. We do not have steady progress in raising awareness and expanding information services and assist the victims of crime. What are two reporting methods that have been implemented to assist in investigating and addressing victimization? Two reporting methods that are implemented is the National Incident-Based Reporting System and the Hate Crime Statistics program. Both of the programs generate in the Uniform Crime Reports. According to our text, the Uniform Crime Reports are “annual reports of the amount of crime reported to or known by the police in a year.” (Daigle, 2017) The Uniform Crime Report generates reliable information to utilize in LE operation, administration, and management. This has become over the years the countries leading social indicator. It essentially consists of four data collects, but we will discuss the two I stated above. The National Incident-Based Reporting System was created to improve the quality of crime data which is essentially collected by LE. It captures details on crime incidents as well as separates offenses within the same incident. This includes information on known offenders, victims, the relationship between the two, property and arrestees. According to our text, Hate Crime Statistics program is “a crime committed against a person because of characteristics such as race, religion, or sexual orientation.” (Daigle, 2017) Are the reporting methods you discussed effective? If so, why? If not, why not? As a cop, I definitely feel the NIBRS system is effective. It definitely helps us maximize our resources. It allows us to have precise information which shows the when and where crime has occurred. It also displays who the victims and perpetrators are, the types of crimes. This allows up to optimize the use of our resources to fight crime most effectively. Dealing with Hate Crime Statistics program, I don’t think it is effective. We have so many hate crimes each year that never get reported. It is actually quite rare in the military, however, when surveys are conducted we have way more people who state that a hate crime has happened to them. I think another thing that makes this ineffective is classifying murder a murder instead of a hate crime when it is actually a hate crime. What could be done to remedy ineffective reporting methods? One way is to get the community to understand that it is salient to report these crimes in order to get a more accurate number. Also, a lot of times crimes which are hate crime occur, we need to classify them as hate crimes. If we don’t designate it as a hate crime, it essentially minimizes the shocking nature of these crimes which often are more vicious than other assaults. Explain what could be done to create a holistic plan for victim restitution. According to our text, restitution is “restitution is the act of restoring someone to a position he or she would have been in without the wrongdoing.” (Davis, Lurigio & Herman, 2013) Restitution is a touchy subject. I know that some states require judges to order offenders to pay restitution no matter if they can pay it or not. Some states actually consider whether or not depending on if they person can pay if they will give restitution. I think we need to co