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Samenvatting ProActive Nursing Hoofdstuk 4 t/m 6

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Een, met afbeeldingen ondersteunde, samenvatting over de hoofdstukken 4 t/m 6 van het boek "ProActive Nursing". De samenvatting is volledig en uitgebreid. De behandelde onderwerpen zijn: Ademhaling, Circulatie en Zuurstofvoorziening van het hart. Samenvatting is gemaakt in 2021/2022 in leerjaar 3.

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PRO-ACTIVE NURSING
Inhoud
Hoofdstuk 4: Ademhaling.......................................................................................................................3
4.0. PAN-model...................................................................................................................................4
4.1. luchtwegen..................................................................................................................................4
4.1.1. Hoge luchtweg......................................................................................................................4
4.1.2. Lage luchtweg.......................................................................................................................5
4.2. Ademprikkel.................................................................................................................................6
4.2.1. Ademcentrum.......................................................................................................................6
4.2.2. Prikkelgeleiding.....................................................................................................................8
4.3. Ademarbeid.................................................................................................................................9
4.3.1. Ventilerend volume..............................................................................................................9
4.3.2. Compliantie.........................................................................................................................10
4.3.3. Uithoudingsvermogen........................................................................................................10
4.4. Gaswisseling..............................................................................................................................11
4.4.1. Longoppervlak....................................................................................................................12
4.5 pulmonale doorbloeding............................................................................................................12
Hoofdstuk 4: Ademhaling observeren, basis........................................................................................13
Hoofdstuk 5: Circulatie.........................................................................................................................17
5.0 PAN-model..................................................................................................................................18
5.1. Veneus aanbod..........................................................................................................................18
5.2. Hartritme...................................................................................................................................19
5.2.1. Ritme..................................................................................................................................19
5.2.2. Frequentie..........................................................................................................................21
5.2.3. Geleiding.............................................................................................................................21
5.3. pompfunctie..............................................................................................................................22
4.3.1 rechts-linksverhouding........................................................................................................23
5.4. Arteriële vaatstelsel...................................................................................................................24
5.4.1.systemische vaatweerstand.................................................................................................24
4.4.2. Bloedverdeling....................................................................................................................24
4.5. microcirculatie...........................................................................................................................25
4.5.1 perifere doorbloeding..........................................................................................................26
4.5.2 Capillaire uitwisseling..........................................................................................................26
Hoofdstuk 5: observeren, basis............................................................................................................29

,Hoofdstuk 6: Zuurstofvoorziening van het hart....................................................................................35
6.0 PAN-model..................................................................................................................................36
6.1. Zuurstofaanvoer........................................................................................................................36
6.1.1. conditie coronairen.............................................................................................................36
6.2. zuurstofbehoefte.......................................................................................................................37

,Hoofdstuk 4:
Ademhaling

, 4.0. PAN-model
Ademhaling past zich aan 3 factoren aan:
- Activiteitenfactor (gebruik skeletspieren)
- Stressfactor (infectie, trauma, ziekte)
- Lichaamstemperatuur.

Adempomp-principe:
Bij inademing wordt bloed de thorax ingezogen.

Ademcentrum in hersenstam:
Regulatie ademfrequentie, ademarbeid.
- Centrale en perifere sensoren bewaken, binnen de grote arteriën:
o Kooldioxidespanning
o Zuurgraad
o Zuurstofspanning
- neurologisch systeem (motorisch):
o aanspanning diafragma
o aanspanning tussenribspieren

4.1. luchtwegen
4.1.1. Hoge luchtweg
Anatomie:
Vanaf de mond en/of neus tot larynx (dus einde strottenhoofd)

Functies:
- inlaatpoort voeding/vocht
- inlaatpoort lucht (+ verwarmen/bevochtigen)
- spreken

Obstructie
Obstructie zorgt voor geluid tijdens inademing (inspiratoire stridor).
Bij obstructie moet je mondinspectie doen naar corpus alienum (gebitselementen, voedsel, etc).

Bewusteloosheid
Slikreflex valt uit bij diepe bewusteloosheid. Gevolg is dat de tong in de keel zakt en luchtweg
volledig afsluit.
 Ademprikkel intact?
o Intrekkingen hals en intercostaal spieren (tussenribspieren)
Zonder behandeling is binnen 5-10 minuten hersenschade en circulatiestilstand.

Sniffing position
Als de larynx-as en farynx-as optimaal ten opzichte van elkaar staan (hoofd achterovergeboven0.

Nekwervelkolom
Bij beoordelen van “vrije hoge luchtweg” is eerste actie de sniffing position. Dit kan alleen als
nekwervelkolom niet beschadigd is, want anders dwarslaesie. Daarna mobiliteit van kolom
beoordelen (bij achterover brengen wordt kolom belast)
 Symptomen beschadiging:
- Pijn in de nek
- Tinteling vingers

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