ISA Arborist Certification Study Guide Chapter 1 Questions and Answers 100% Pass

ISA Arborist Certification Study Guide Chapter 1 Questions and Answers 100% Pass Sites of rapid cell division in the shoot tips, root tips, and cambium are called ____________. Meristems Meristems located at the end of the shoots are called primary or __________ meristems. Apical The tendency for terminal buds to inhibit the growth of lateral buds is called __________. Apical dominance The "food factories" of trees are the _________. Leaves The procress of ___________ combines carbon dioxide and water in the reaction driven by light to produce sugars. __________ is also a product of this reaction. Photosynthesis, Oxygen The green color of leaves is created by the presence of _________, which is necessary for photosynthesis. Chlorophyll ___________ is the loss of water vapor from the leaves. Transpiration The opening and closing of _________ allow for gas exchange, and transpiration is controlled by the __________ _________. Stomata, guard cells Water and dissolved essential minerals are transported within the tree in the ________. The __________ conducts carbohydrates. Xylem, Phloem The _________ is a layer of meristematic cells located between the phloem and xylem. Cambium The _________ _________ is formed when trunk tissue grows around branch tissues. As the branch and trunk tissues expand against each other in the branch union, the ________ ____ ________ is formed. Branch collar, Branch bark ridge ______ protects the branches and trunk of a tree from mechanical injury and desiccation. Bark Name four functions of the root system Aborption, Conduction, Anchorage, Storage, Hormone production Water enters young roots or mycorrhizal roots, in part, by process called _________. Osmosis The orientation of growth in response to an external stimulus is called ___________. Two examples are ____________ and ____________. Tropism, Phototropism, Geotropism CODIT stands for Compartmentalization Of Decay In Trees Trees with upright growth and a strong, central leader are said to exhibit __________ growth. Excurrent, Decurrent Roots and fungi form ___________, which are a symbolic relationship, aiding in the uptake of water and minerals. Mycorrhizae The process by which chemical engery, stored as sugars and starch, is released is called ___________. Respiration Trees that lose their leaves in the autumn are called __________. Trees that maintain their leaves for more than one year are called ___________. Deciduous, Evergreen Plant growth regulator Auxin Green pigment Chlorophyll Waxy covering of a leaf Cuticle "Stalk" of a leaf Petiole Between the nodes of a twig Internode Small openings in stems for gas exchange Lenticel Cells that cross the phloem and xylem for radial transport Ray Mostly located in the upper 12 inches (30 cm) of soil Absorbing roots Mature, green leaves -- sugar producers Source Uses for energy than it produces. Sink When cutting through a tree with a chain saw or drilling into a tree, you would pass through (in order)? Bark, phloem, cambium, xylem The growth rings of many trees? Are visible b/c of the rapid rate of earlywood relative to latewood, can be counted to approximate a tree's age, can give information about conditions in previous years If the terminal bud is removed in pruning? Growth may be stimulated in lateral buds Which layer of cells is responsible for outward trunk growth and increased girth of a tree? Cambium Mycorrhizae are? A symbiotic relationship between fungi and roots