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Samenvatting Neuroanatomie

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Samenvatting van het vak neuroanatomie, afgelopen academiejaar gemaakt maar komt nog steeds overeen met de leerstof.

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Uploaded on
May 11, 2023
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June 4, 2023
Number of pages
42
Written in
2021/2022
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SAMENVATTING
NEUROANATOMIE
Toegepaste Neuroanatomie




UA

,Inhoudsopgave
Inleiding............................................................................................................................................. 2
Basisfunctie.................................................................................................................................... 3
Zenuwcel........................................................................................................................................ 3
Gliacel............................................................................................................................................ 3
Indeling.......................................................................................................................................... 4
Ruggenmerg en spinaalzenuwen....................................................................................................... 5
Opbouw ruggenmerg..................................................................................................................... 5
Embryonaal................................................................................................................................ 5
Uitwendig................................................................................................................................... 6
Inwendig..................................................................................................................................... 6
Spinaalzenuwen............................................................................................................................. 6
Hersenen........................................................................................................................................... 7
Embryologie................................................................................................................................... 7
Rhombencephalon......................................................................................................................... 7
Myelocephalon/Medulla oblongata.............................................................................................. 7
Metencephalon........................................................................................................................... 9
Mesencephalon............................................................................................................................ 12
Prosencephalon............................................................................................................................ 13
Diencephalon............................................................................................................................ 13
Telencephalon.......................................................................................................................... 14
Rhinencephalon........................................................................................................................ 15
Kopzenuwen.................................................................................................................................... 16
N1 Olfactorius S........................................................................................................................... 16
N2 Opticus S................................................................................................................................. 17
N3 Oculomotorius M..................................................................................................................... 18
N4 Trochlearis M.......................................................................................................................... 19
N5 Trigeminus G........................................................................................................................... 19
N. opthalmicus S....................................................................................................................... 20
N. maxillaris S........................................................................................................................... 20
N. mandibularis G..................................................................................................................... 21
N6 Abducens M............................................................................................................................ 21
N7 Facialis G................................................................................................................................ 21
N8 Vestibulocochlearis S.............................................................................................................. 23
N9 Glossopharyngeus G............................................................................................................... 23
N10 Vagus G................................................................................................................................ 24
N11 Accessorius M....................................................................................................................... 25
N12 Hypoglossus M...................................................................................................................... 25
N. lingualis................................................................................................................................ 25
Samenvatting............................................................................................................................... 25

,Ruggenmergbanen.......................................................................................................................... 26
Somatisch systeem...................................................................................................................... 26
ASA........................................................................................................................................... 27
SSA........................................................................................................................................... 32
ASE........................................................................................................................................... 35
Visceraal systeem........................................................................................................................ 37
AVA........................................................................................................................................... 37
SVA........................................................................................................................................... 38
AVE........................................................................................................................................... 38




INLEIDING
DOELSTELLINGEN:

, - BASISFUNCTIE EN FUNCTIONELE EENHEID BEGRIJPEN EN BESPREKEN
- ONDERSCHEID SOMATISCH EN AUTONOOM ZS BEGRIJPEN EN BESPREKEN
- VERSCHILLENDE TERMEN CELTYPES, AP EN ZENUWGELEIDING BESPREKEN

BASISFUNCTIE

Het zenuwstelsel is eigenlijk een computer;

1. Input: hoofdzakelijk sensorisch/sensibel
Kan uit de buitenwereld (licht, druk, geluid) of uit de inwendige organen (net gegeten). Ze
maken gebruik van receptoren die in de orgaansystemen liggen, via die receptoren en
zenuwbanen wordt het afgeleverd naar een centrale unit.

2. Processing
Dit kan in het ruggenmerg, in perifere ganglia of thv de hersenen.

3. Output: hoofdzakelijk motorisch
Verstuurt het antwoord naar de periferie, naar de doelwitorganen.

Een reflexboog met afferent, processing en efferent is een functionele eenheid. Voor een reflex
zijn dus alle 3 de componenten belangrijk. Een reflexboog kan eenvoudig/ monosynaptisch of
samengesteld/multisynaptisch zijn. Het bestaat uit 5 onderdelen, die worden getest tijdens
neurologisch onderzoek.

- Receptor
- Afferente leiding
- Verwerking
- Efferente leiding
- Doelwitorgaan

ZENUWCEL

Onderdelen:

- Dendriet: kort, ongemyeliniseerd, Nissl substantie
- Perikaryon: kern, Nissl substantie
- Neuriet: lang, al dan niet gemyeliniseerd

Zijn in mindere mate aanwezig dan gliacellen;
10% zenuwcel, 90% gliacel. Zenuwcellen kunnen
signalen begeleiden, maar er ook een richting
aan geven. De dendrieten vangen het signaal op,
sturen het naar de kern en vanaf daar gaat het
naar een axon.

Voor spieractiviteit zijn zenuwcellen vaak goed
gemyeliniseerd. Prikkels voor pijn en temperatuur
hebben een lagere myelinisatie; zo’n prikkel
verloopt dus trager.




GLIACEL

- Perifeer
o Mantelcellen

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