Biochemical Engineering
Biochemical Engineering correct answersdeals with the conduct of biological processes on an
industrial scale and the processes where the catalysts are either living cells or extracts of them
Bioengineering correct answersthe application of engineering to living things, such as humans
and plants. engineering that involves biosynthesis of animal and plant products
Procaryotes correct answerscells that do not have a true nucleus; lack membrane bound
organelles
Eucaryotes correct answersorganisms whose cells have a true nucleus
Autotrophs correct answersOrganisms that make their own food, uses CO2 as their carbon source
Heterotroph correct answersorganism that obtains energy from the foods it consumes (glucose,
ethanol, sucrose); also called a consumer
Chemotrophs correct answersOrganisms that get energy from chemicals/substrate taken from the
environment. obtain energy by oxidation of reduced compounds.
Chemoorganotrophs correct answersOrganisms that harvest energy by oxidizing organic
chemicals
Chemolithotrophs correct answersorganisms that obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic
compounds
Phototrophs correct answersobtain energy from light
Photoorganotrophs correct answersget their energy from light but their carbon from existing
organic molecules.
Photoautotrophs correct answersAn organism that harnesses light energy to drive the synthesis of
organic compounds from carbon dioxide.
Aerobes correct answersrequire oxygen
Anaerobes correct answersmicroorganism having the ability to live without oxygen. use nitrates,
sulfides and CO2 as oxidizing ageng
Facultative Anaerobes correct answerscan live with or without oxygen
Microaerophiles correct answersrequire oxygen concentration lower than air
Lipids correct answersEnergy-rich organic compounds, such as fats, oils, and waxes, that are
made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. From Greek word lipos which means fat. water insolube
biomolecules highly soluble in organic solvents such as chloroform and ether. used as fuel
molecules, energy storage and component of membranes
oil correct answersA triglyceride that is liquid at room temperature
fat correct answersA lipid consisting of three fatty acids linked to one glycerol molecule; also
called a triacylglycerol or triglyceride.
saturated fatty acids correct answersLauric Acid (dodecanoic acid)
Myristic Acid (tetradecanoic acid)
Palmitic Acid (hexadecanoic acid)
Stearic Acid (octadecanoic acid)
unsaturated fatty acids correct answerspalmitoleic acid (cis-9-hexadecanoic acid)
oleic acid (cis-9-octadecenoic acid)
linoleic acid (cis,cis-9,12-octadecenoic acid)
linolenic acid (cis,cis,cis-9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid)
Terpenes and terpenoids correct answersthese are the precursors to steroids and other lipid
signaling molecules and have varied independent functions. important constituents of essential
oils. produced by a variety of plants particularly conifers, derived from isoprene.
, Mycrene (bay oil)
alpha-Farnesene (apple coating)
beta-carotene (Vit A)
Steroids correct answerslipids characterized by a carbon skeleton consisting of four fused
(perhydrocyclopentanophenantherene) rings, biological regulators
Cholesterol correct answersA lipid that forms an essential component of animal cell membranes
and acts as a precursor molecule for the synthesis of other biologically important steroids.
androstane, pregnane, cholane
sex hormones correct answershormones that regulate the development and functioning of
reproductive organs and that stimulate the devolopment of male and female sexual characteristics
- 3 major groups: estrogens, androgens, progestins
- estrogen, estradiol, androsterone, testosterone, progesterone
Estrogen correct answersfirst sex hormone isolated by Butenandt and Doisy from urine of a
pregnane woman
Estradiol correct answersestrogen secreted by the ovaries. true female hormone, isolated by
Doisy from 4 tons of sow ovaries (12 mg)
androsterone correct answersstimulates secondary male sex characteristics. isolated by Butenandt
and Tscherning from 15,000 L of male urine.
Testosterone correct answerstrue male hormone, isolated by Laqueur from bull testes responsible
for growth of facial hair, deepening of voice, muscular development, maturation of male sex
organ
Progesterone correct answersA hormone produced by the ovaries which acts with estrogen to
bring about the menstral cycle. Most important pregnancy hormone
Adrenocortical hormones correct answershelp regulate metabolism, resistance to stress, and salt
and water balance.
- cortisone (treatment of rheumatoid arthritis)
Prostaglandins correct answersModified fatty acids that are produced by a wide range of cells.
First isolated from seminal fluid, known to affect heart rate, blood pressure, blood clotting,
conception, fertility, allergic responses
amino acids correct answersbuilding blocks of proteins
Neutral amino acids correct answersGlycine, Alanine, Valine, Leucine, Isoleucine,
Phenylalanine, Asparagine, Glutamine, Tryptophan, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tyrosine,
Cysteine, Methionine
Acidic amino acids correct answersaspartic acid, glutamic acid
basic amino acids correct answerslysine, arginine, histidine
Carbohydrates correct answersthe starches and sugars present in foods. polyhydroxy aldehydes
and ketones.
Monosaccharides correct answersThe simplest carbohydrate, active alone or serving as a
monomer for disaccharides and polysaccharides. Also known as simple sugars, the molecular
formulas of are generally some multiple of CH2O.
- triose, tetrose, ketose, aldose
Disaccharides correct answersCarbohydrates that undergo hydrolysis to produce only two
molecules of monosaccharides
- sucrose, maltose, cellobiose, lactose
Biochemical Engineering correct answersdeals with the conduct of biological processes on an
industrial scale and the processes where the catalysts are either living cells or extracts of them
Bioengineering correct answersthe application of engineering to living things, such as humans
and plants. engineering that involves biosynthesis of animal and plant products
Procaryotes correct answerscells that do not have a true nucleus; lack membrane bound
organelles
Eucaryotes correct answersorganisms whose cells have a true nucleus
Autotrophs correct answersOrganisms that make their own food, uses CO2 as their carbon source
Heterotroph correct answersorganism that obtains energy from the foods it consumes (glucose,
ethanol, sucrose); also called a consumer
Chemotrophs correct answersOrganisms that get energy from chemicals/substrate taken from the
environment. obtain energy by oxidation of reduced compounds.
Chemoorganotrophs correct answersOrganisms that harvest energy by oxidizing organic
chemicals
Chemolithotrophs correct answersorganisms that obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic
compounds
Phototrophs correct answersobtain energy from light
Photoorganotrophs correct answersget their energy from light but their carbon from existing
organic molecules.
Photoautotrophs correct answersAn organism that harnesses light energy to drive the synthesis of
organic compounds from carbon dioxide.
Aerobes correct answersrequire oxygen
Anaerobes correct answersmicroorganism having the ability to live without oxygen. use nitrates,
sulfides and CO2 as oxidizing ageng
Facultative Anaerobes correct answerscan live with or without oxygen
Microaerophiles correct answersrequire oxygen concentration lower than air
Lipids correct answersEnergy-rich organic compounds, such as fats, oils, and waxes, that are
made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. From Greek word lipos which means fat. water insolube
biomolecules highly soluble in organic solvents such as chloroform and ether. used as fuel
molecules, energy storage and component of membranes
oil correct answersA triglyceride that is liquid at room temperature
fat correct answersA lipid consisting of three fatty acids linked to one glycerol molecule; also
called a triacylglycerol or triglyceride.
saturated fatty acids correct answersLauric Acid (dodecanoic acid)
Myristic Acid (tetradecanoic acid)
Palmitic Acid (hexadecanoic acid)
Stearic Acid (octadecanoic acid)
unsaturated fatty acids correct answerspalmitoleic acid (cis-9-hexadecanoic acid)
oleic acid (cis-9-octadecenoic acid)
linoleic acid (cis,cis-9,12-octadecenoic acid)
linolenic acid (cis,cis,cis-9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid)
Terpenes and terpenoids correct answersthese are the precursors to steroids and other lipid
signaling molecules and have varied independent functions. important constituents of essential
oils. produced by a variety of plants particularly conifers, derived from isoprene.
, Mycrene (bay oil)
alpha-Farnesene (apple coating)
beta-carotene (Vit A)
Steroids correct answerslipids characterized by a carbon skeleton consisting of four fused
(perhydrocyclopentanophenantherene) rings, biological regulators
Cholesterol correct answersA lipid that forms an essential component of animal cell membranes
and acts as a precursor molecule for the synthesis of other biologically important steroids.
androstane, pregnane, cholane
sex hormones correct answershormones that regulate the development and functioning of
reproductive organs and that stimulate the devolopment of male and female sexual characteristics
- 3 major groups: estrogens, androgens, progestins
- estrogen, estradiol, androsterone, testosterone, progesterone
Estrogen correct answersfirst sex hormone isolated by Butenandt and Doisy from urine of a
pregnane woman
Estradiol correct answersestrogen secreted by the ovaries. true female hormone, isolated by
Doisy from 4 tons of sow ovaries (12 mg)
androsterone correct answersstimulates secondary male sex characteristics. isolated by Butenandt
and Tscherning from 15,000 L of male urine.
Testosterone correct answerstrue male hormone, isolated by Laqueur from bull testes responsible
for growth of facial hair, deepening of voice, muscular development, maturation of male sex
organ
Progesterone correct answersA hormone produced by the ovaries which acts with estrogen to
bring about the menstral cycle. Most important pregnancy hormone
Adrenocortical hormones correct answershelp regulate metabolism, resistance to stress, and salt
and water balance.
- cortisone (treatment of rheumatoid arthritis)
Prostaglandins correct answersModified fatty acids that are produced by a wide range of cells.
First isolated from seminal fluid, known to affect heart rate, blood pressure, blood clotting,
conception, fertility, allergic responses
amino acids correct answersbuilding blocks of proteins
Neutral amino acids correct answersGlycine, Alanine, Valine, Leucine, Isoleucine,
Phenylalanine, Asparagine, Glutamine, Tryptophan, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tyrosine,
Cysteine, Methionine
Acidic amino acids correct answersaspartic acid, glutamic acid
basic amino acids correct answerslysine, arginine, histidine
Carbohydrates correct answersthe starches and sugars present in foods. polyhydroxy aldehydes
and ketones.
Monosaccharides correct answersThe simplest carbohydrate, active alone or serving as a
monomer for disaccharides and polysaccharides. Also known as simple sugars, the molecular
formulas of are generally some multiple of CH2O.
- triose, tetrose, ketose, aldose
Disaccharides correct answersCarbohydrates that undergo hydrolysis to produce only two
molecules of monosaccharides
- sucrose, maltose, cellobiose, lactose
