TNCC Written Exam Questions and answers. Graded A+

TNCC Written Exam Questions and answers. Graded A+ Document Content and Description Below What is the best measure of the adequacy of cellular perfusion and helps predict the outcome of resuscitation? - ☑☑Base deficit used in conjunction with serum lactate Will hypocapnia cause vasoc onstriction or vasodilation, especially in the cerebral vasculature? - ☑☑Vasoconstriction What results from tissue hypo perfusion and oxygen deficit? - ☑☑Metabolic acidosis What type of shock results in generalized vasodilation? - ☑☑Neurogenic shock Spinal cord injuries at C3-C5 causes loss of what nerves function, resulting in what? - ☑☑Phrenic nerve; paralyzed diaphragm and inability to breath Extremity elevation AT the level of the heart is beneficial for what type of injury? - ☑☑Compartment Syndrome What is a high risk of frostbite? - ☑☑Thrombus formation What two medications can be administered to maintain perfusion after a frostbite injury along with rewarming? - ☑☑Tissue plasminogen activator or non steroidal anti-inflammatory medication (NSAIDS) An rise in diastolic blood pressures is a sign of increasing what? - ☑☑Peripheral resistance What position will benefit the airway and work of breathing for the bariatric patient? - ☑☑Reverse TrendelenburgWhich phase of a blast results from flying debris, projectiles, and bomb fragments causing lacerations or penetrating injuries? - ☑☑Secondary Phase What phase of a blast results from any explosion-related illness or injury including hyperglycemia, hypertension, angina, asthma, COPD, or sepsis? - ☑☑Quaternary Phase What phase of a blast results from individuals being thrown by the blast and impacting walls, ground, or any hard object? - ☑☑Tertiary Phase What phase of a blast results from impact of the over and under pressurization wave with body surfaces. Injuries include blast lung, tympanic membrane rupture, abdominal hemorrhage, globe rupture, and mild traumatic brain injury? - ☑☑Primary Phase Signs of what include muscle pain or weakness, dark red or brown urine, general weakness or malaise, and elevated creatinine kinase levels? - ☑☑Rhabdomyolosis Signs of what include anxiety, pleuritic chest pain, dyspnea, hypoxemia, hemoptysis, cough, orthopnea, adventitious lung sounds, decreased lung sounds, jugular vein distention, or hypotension? - ☑☑Pulmonary Embolus Signs of what include headache, nausea and vomiting, amnesia, behavioral changes, altered level of consciousness? - ☑☑Increased intracranial pressure Signs of what include asymmetric pupillary reactivity, unilateral dilation, widening pulse pressure, abnormal motor posturing, bradycardia, and decreased respiratory effort? - ☑☑Late signs of increased ICP with Herniation Syndrome What is caused by the tear of the bridging veins or middle meningeal artery? - ☑☑Subdural and Epidural Hematoma Affect concentration, memory, sleep, mode, and libido. Causes headaches, dizziness and nausea. - ☑☑Postconcussive Syndrome/ Mild Traumatic Brain InjurySigns and symptoms similar to early signs of increased ICP but do not worsen. - ☑☑Postconcussive Syndrome/ Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Cerebral Perfusion Pressure = ______-______ - ☑☑MAP - ICP What is the range for CO2 to maximize perfusion? - ☑☑35-45 Does hypoventilation cause dilation or constriction? Increase or decrease ICP? - ☑☑Dilation and increase in ICP due to high CO2 Hyperventilation cause dilation or constriction? - ☑☑Constriction d/t low CO2 Pupils with pressure on cranial nerve - ☑☑Fixed and dilated Pupils with opiates vs stimulants - ☑☑small; large Pupils with anticholinergics such as atropine, ipratropium, and scopolamine - ☑☑large Sluggish reaction of pupils is an early sign of what? - ☑☑Increasing ICP Glasgow Coma Score with Mild, Moderate, and Severe TBI - ☑☑Mild = 13-15 Moderate = 9-12 Severe = 3-8 Goal value for ICP - ☑☑<15 Goal value for Cerebral Perfusion Pressure (CPP) - ☑☑>60 Le Fort Fracture - ☑☑Fracture of the maxillaWhat decrease ICP by decreasing cellular edema? - ☑☑Osmotic diuretics (such as 3% saline and mannitol) Becks Triad is a sign of what? And includes what three symptoms? - ☑☑Cardiac Tamponade; 1. Hypotension 2. JVD 3. Muffled heart sounds What is pulsus paradoxus? And what is it a sign of? - ☑☑Drop in blood pressure with inspiration, sign of cardiac tampona