ALAT Animal All Chapters Review Questions and Answers 100% Correct

What is the scientific name for the mouse? - ANSWER-Mus musculus Which inbred strain is albino? - ANSWER-BALB/C Which inbred strain is agouti? - ANSWER-C3H Which inbred strain is black? - ANSWER-C57BL/6 Which inbred strain is brown? - ANSWER-DBA What is the term for offspring from 2 different inbred strain parents? - ANSWER-Hybrid What does the name B6C3F1 tell you about the strain? - ANSWER-Its mother was a C57BL/6 and its father was a C3H, It is the first generation of this cross, It is a hybrid What type of mouse is an ICR? - ANSWER-Outbred What is a "transgenic"? - ANSWER-An animal that had non-parental DNA in its genetic makeup What is the difference between an knockout (ko) and a transgenic (tg)? - ANSWER-A ko has an inactivated gene and tg has an additional gene What other defect does a nude mouse have besides a lack of hair? - ANSWER-A poor immune system What is another method of mouse restraint besides the scruff of the neck, when moving them to a clean cage? - ANSWER-The base of the tail What is an indication that you have a good restraint on a mouse you will be giving an IP injection to? - ANSWER-It cannot turn its head to bite you What is the normal body temperature range of a mouse? - ANSWER-35.8 to 37.4 degrees C What is the average weight range of adult mice? - ANSWER-25 to 40 grams What is an average life span of a mouse? - ANSWER-1 to 3 years How do you determine the gender of a newborn mouse? - ANSWER-Compare anogenital distance between several at a time How often can female mice go into estrus? - ANSWER-Every 4 to 5 days What is postpartum estrus? - ANSWER-When a female goes into estrus within 24 hours of giving birth What is a good indication of a healthy newborn mouse? - ANSWER-A milk spot What problem might occur if a mouse becomes pregnant during postpartum estrus? - ANSWER-The previous litter may still be present when the next litter is born What age do mice begin mating? - ANSWER-40 to 60 days What is the length of gestation in the mouse? - ANSWER-19-21 days What is an average litter size range for the mouse? - ANSWER-6 to 12 pups What is "nocturnal"? - ANSWER-Active mostly at night or in the dark What might be occurring if a mouse has a dull hair coat and hunched posture? - ANSWER-It is a sign of stress or disease What would indicate the presence of an overly dominant animal in a cage? - ANSWER-Signs of barbering on the other animals in the cage What is a good practice to prevent fighting in group housed mice? - ANSWER-House young male mice together from weaning When are wire bottom cages inappropriate for mice? - ANSWER-For housing breeding mice Which type of caging equipment is cleaned most often? - ANSWER-Solid bottom shoebox cages Why is it necessary to give rodents hard food? - ANSWER-To wear down their incisor teeth What does "ad libitum" mean? - ANSWER-Given a continuous supply What is the scientific name for the rat? - ANSWER-Rattus norvegicus What type of studies are rats commonly used in? - ANSWER-Nutrition, Behavior, Diabetes What is the coat color of a Wistar rat? - ANSWER-Albino What is a difference between the Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat and the Wistar rat (WI)? - ANSWER-The SD is faster growing than the WI rat Which rat is "hooded"? - ANSWER-Long-Evans Which rat is inbred? - ANSWER-Lewis What method of restraint is appropriate for brief handling? - ANSWER-Pick the rat up by the proximal end of the tail What is the recommended restraint technique for the rat? - ANSWER-Hold the rat around the thorax and just behind the forelegs What is an average weight range of an adult male rat? - ANSWER-300-500 grams When do rats reach sexual maturity? - ANSWER-65-110 days Which describes the rat estrus cycle? - ANSWER-Polyestrus What is polyestrus? - ANSWER-Having several breeding estrus What is the length of gestation in the rat? - ANSWER-20-22 days What is generally required to prevent group housed male rats from fighting? - ANSWER-Nothing, it usually resolves itself over time What causes the reddish brown staining of the fur on an albino rat? - ANSWER-Porphyrin from tears and saliva What is an additional feature of rat caging not used with mouse caging? - ANSWER-A tightly fitting wire lid What can be done for a rat with incisors that have failed to wear down normally? - ANSWER-The teeth can be clipped What is the scientific name for the Syrian hamster? - ANSWER-Mesocricetus auratus What condition is hereditary in hamsters and people? - ANSWER-Diabetes mellitus What is another species of hamster besides Syrian? - ANSWER-Armenian What technique is used to study in vivo vasculature in hamsters? - ANSWER-The cheek pouch is inverted and examined under a microscope How does the hamster stomach differ from other rodents? - ANSWER-It is divided into 2 compartments What is the hamster flank organ also known as? - ANSWER-Scent gland What types of research are hamsters commonly used in? - ANSWER-Cancer studies, Genetic studies, Dental care studies What is the average weight range of an adult hamster? - ANSWER-80-120 grams How does hamster urine differ from mice and rat urine? - ANSWER-It is thick and milky What is done during hand mating of hamsters? - ANSWER-The female is removed after mating What is done during intermittent mating of hamsters? - ANSWER-The females are rotated through a cage with a male What might happen if a mother with a new litter is stressed? - ANSWER-She may put the babies in her cheek pouch, She may cannibalize the litter, She may become aggressive What age do hamsters become old enough to reproduce? - ANSWER-42-70 days What is the length of gestation in a hamster? - ANSWER-15-16 days At what age are hamsters weaned? - ANSWER-21 days What is the best advice when picking up a hamster? - ANSWER-Gently awaken the animal first so it isn't startled Females dominating males and larger animals dominating smaller animals, describes what behavior pattern? - ANSWER-Agression What is a special housing need for hamsters? - ANSWER-Contact bedding for burrowing, Shoebox cages higher than 6 inches, Lids that secure to the cage What can be done to help young hamsters eat solid food? - ANSWER-Food can be placed on the floor of the cage What is the scientific name for the guinea pig? - ANSWER-Cavia porcellus What are guinea pigs also known as? - ANSWER-Cavies What type of study are guinea pigs commonly used in? - ANSWER-Tuberculosis What color is a Dunkin-Hartley guinea pig? - ANSWER-Albino What is the average weight range of adult guinea pigs? - ANSWER-500-800 grams How long does a guinea pig generally live? - ANSWER-4-6 years How do you tell what sex a guinea pig is? - ANSWER-The penis can be felt under the inguinal skin What terms are used for male and female guinea pigs? - ANSWER-Boar and sow What is the recommended breeding age of the female guinea pig? - ANSWER-12 weeks What problem could occur in older females bred for the first time? - ANSWER-The pubic symphysis may not widen enough to allow delivery of the fetus What special precaution should be taken with diet during pregnancy? - ANSWER-Maintain a consistent flow of roughage in the diet What is the length of gestation in the guinea pig? - ANSWER-60-65 days What is the average litter size of the guinea pig? - ANSWER-2-4 What does the term "altricial" mean? - ANSWER-Blind, hairless and helpless What is the weaning age of the guinea pig? - ANSWER-18-24 days What may cause a guinea pig to begin vocalizing? - ANSWER-Pain or distress, Daily activity in the animal room, Separation from cage mates What is the most likely cause of bald patches on group housed guinea pigs? - ANSWER-Barbering What nutrient must be supplied in a guinea pig diet? - ANSWER-Vitamin C What other diet most resembles guinea pig diet? - ANSWER-Rabbit diet What is the scientific name for the mongolian gerbil? - ANSWER-Meriones unguiculatus What type of temperament does the gerbil have? - ANSWER-Mild What type of research are gerbils often used in? - ANSWER-Stroke, Epilepsy, Genetics How should you be careful when picking up a gerbil? - ANSWER-Don't grasp the tip of the tail or the skin may tear off What is the average weight range of the gerbil? - ANSWER-70-90 grams What is unique about gerbil mating among rodents? - ANSWER-They generally only mate with the same animal throughout life What is the length of gestation in the gerbil? - ANSWER-24-26 days Why do gerbils consume very little water? - ANSWER-They are adapted for life in a desert What type of activity pattern do gerbils have? - ANSWER-Cyclic What is the "ventral marking gland" used for? - ANSWER-Marking territory When a cage rack is banged against the door frame, several gerbils in the room appear to freeze. What could be the cause? - ANSWER-20% of gerbils get epileptic seizures What species has the same husbandry requirements as the gerbil? - ANSWER-Rats What is the scientific name for the rabbit? - ANSWER-Oryctolagus cuniculus What type of research are rabbits commonly used for? - ANSWER-Antibody production, Pyrogen testing, Atherosclerosis studies What is the typical temperament of the rabbit? - ANSWER-Timid and excitable What is important to remember when picking up a rabbit? - ANSWER-Failure to support the rear end can result in injury to the handler and the rabbit What do you grasp when first picking up a rabbit? - ANSWER-The scruff of the neck What type of restraint is used when an individual is drawing blood from a rabbit? - ANSWER-A rabbit restraint device What is the average weight range of adult laboratory rabbits? - ANSWER-2-6 kg What is coprophagy? - ANSWER-Eating stool What causes rabbit urine to be red to milky yellow? - ANSWER-High amounts of minerals in the urine What terms are used for male and female rabbits? - ANSWER-Buck and doe What is a recommended technique for mating rabbits? - ANSWER-Bring the female to the male's cage What occurs in induced ovulation? - ANSWER-Eggs are released after mating What is "kindling"? - ANSWER-Parturition in rabbits What is the gestation period of a rabbit? - ANSWER-29-35 days What is the weaning age of the rabbit? - ANSWER-4-6 weeks What does kicking of the hind feet signify in rabbits? - ANSWER-Fear, Aggression, Reaction to noise What grooming must be done on a rabbit regularly? - ANSWER-Nail clipping What is the most active time of day for a rabbit? - ANSWER-Twilight What is recommended for reducing hair loss in rabbits? - ANSWER-Setting room temperature at 61-72 degrees F What hazard does a wire mesh floor pose to rabbits? - ANSWER-Their foot may get caught in the floor spaces Why is rabbit caging pretreated with an acid solution prior to washing? - ANSWER-To remove urine scale left from minerals in rabbit urine What is recommended as the first thing to check when a rabbit stops eating? - ANSWER-The water supply In what way is rabbit diet specially developed for the rabbits' needs? - ANSWER-The shape is for nibbling, It has a high fiber content, It can be put in a hopper (J) feeder What is the scientific name for the cat? - ANSWER-Felis catus Why is the cat brain of particular scientific interest? - ANSWER-Its development is between lower mammalian forms and primates What type of restraint is best for general handling of the cat? - ANSWER-Minimal with no sudden movements What type of restraint is used as a last resort? - ANSWER-The catch pole What is lateral recumbancy restraint? - ANSWER-The animal is on its side, the handler holds the legs while one arm applies pressure below the jaw What is the average weight range of an adult cat? - ANSWER-2-5 kg What names are also used for the male and female cat? - ANSWER-Tom and queen What is "seasonally polyestrus"? - ANSWER-Several periods of estrus every 6 months When does ovulation occur in the female cat? - ANSWER-At mating What is weaning age for cats? - ANSWER-6-7 weeks Which is normal behavior for a happy, healthy cat? - ANSWER-Rubbing against one's hand to get attention What additional feature is present in cat caging? - ANSWER-Resting boards What is a health problem occurring in cats that should be checked when cleaning the litter pan? - ANSWER-Hematuria What does hematuria mean? - ANSWER-Blood present in the urine How is water provided to cats? - ANSWER-Bowls What type of study are dogs commonly used for? - ANSWER-Pharmacology, Heart, Bone What is the scientific name for the dog? - ANSWER-Canis familiaris What is meant when a dog is referred to as "not well socialized"? - ANSWER-The dog isn't accustomed to interacting with humans What is a recommended technique for approaching an unfamiliar dog? - ANSWER-Slowly extend your hand What is a common breed of dog used in research? - ANSWER-Beagles What is a recommended method for restraining an aggressive dog? - ANSWER-Catch pole, Muzzle, Tranquilizer Where is the final knot placed when applying a gauze muzzle? - ANSWER-Behind the head What restraint is recommended for IV injection of a cooperative dog? - ANSWER-Chest down with the handler's one arm around the dog's neck and the other putting pressure on the vein What is an average weight range for an adult dog (depending on the breed)? - ANSWER-10-30 kg What is occurring when the female dog has a blood tinged vaginal discharge? - ANSWER-It is a sign of estrus