ALAT EXAM 2023 WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS

Who found ACP and when? - ANSWER-Dr. Nathan Brewer 1950 Animal Care Panel became AALAS when? - ANSWER-1967 What 3 levels are in AALAS? - ANSWER-ALAT,LAT,LATG What two mandates or documents must be studied in addition to ALAT Training Manual to prepare for ALAT test? - ANSWER-The Guide for Care and Use of Lab Animals and The Animal Welfare Regulations Why are animals used to study human diseases? - ANSWER-the biomedical processes in animal models can be similar to humans What is the Guide? - ANSWER-Primary source of standards guidelines for lab animal care and use in the United States When was the Guide created? - ANSWER-1963 What does AAALAC stand for? - ANSWER-Association for the Assessment and Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care International What is AAALAC? - ANSWER-private nonprofit organization that promotes humane treatment of lab animals and accredits lab animal research programs Which Agency enforces AWA and AWR? A) OLAW B) USDA-APHIS C) FDA D) NRC - ANSWER-B) USDA-APHIS What Agency enforces the PHS Policy ? A)NRC B) FDA C) OLAW D) USDA-APHIS - ANSWER-C) OLAW ( Office of Laboratory Animal Welfare ) What is GLP? - ANSWER-Good Laboratory Practices Which two groups funds and/or reviews the GLPs? - ANSWER-FDA and EPA What does SOP's stand for? - ANSWER-Standard Operating Procedures What are the 3 Rs? - ANSWER-Refinement, Replacement, Reduction Before using an animals in research attempt to use non animal alternatives. Which R is this? A) Refinement B)Reduction C) Replacement D) None of the above - ANSWER-C) Replacement To use only the minimum amount of animals in a study to obtain reseach. Which R is this? A) Refinement B)Reduction C) Replacement D) None of the above - ANSWER-B)Reduction To reduce the amount of pain and distress in procedures or to minimalize the amount of painful procedures animals may potentially undergo. Which R is this? A) Refinement B)Reduction C) Replacement D) None of the above - ANSWER-A) Refinement It's estimated that ______% to ________% of animal lab workers develope allergies to lab animals? A)5%-10% B)20%-44% C)10%-44% D) 3%-16% - ANSWER-C) 10%-44% What injection is needed perodically when dealing with nonhuman primates? - ANSWER-Tuberculosis Shot What is PPE? - ANSWER-Personal Protective Equipment How long should you wash an injuried/affected injury? - ANSWER-15 minutes What is the most common workplace injury? - ANSWER-Ergonomic injuries When performing ________ ___________ it is important to take frequent short breaks to rest and stretch - ANSWER-repetitive motions A _________ disease is a disease that can be transmitted from animal to human - ANSWER-zoonotic What are the 4 cleaning cycles for cage wash? - ANSWER-Prewash, wash, rinse, 180 F rinse What are the three types of cage washers? - ANSWER-Tunnel washer, rack washer, cabinet washer This washer is designed similiar to household dishwashers. In addition to washing cages it can also wash bottles and glassware A) Rack Washer B) Cabinet Washer C) Tunnel Washer - ANSWER-B) Cabinet Washer This washer is designed mainly for large equipment such as cage racks and bulk carts A) Rack Washer B) Cabinet Washer C) Tunnel Washer - ANSWER-A) Rack Washer This washer process soiled small equipment and accessories, including cages, wire-bar lids, lids, bottles, sipper tubes, and other equipment that fits onto the conveyor belt A) Rack Washer B) Cabinet Washer C) Tunnel Washer - ANSWER-C) Tunnel Washer To reduce the risk of conamination in the animals drinking water is treated with? - ANSWER-acid, chlorine, reverse osmosis, or ultraviolet radiation What type of feeder is used for rodents? A) J-shaped clip on feeder B) V-shaped feeder C) Feed bowls on the ground D) Suspended feeders E) C and D - ANSWER-B) V- shaped feeders What type of feeders are used for rabbits and guinea pigs? A) J-shaped clip on feeder B) V-shaped feeder C) Feed bowls on the ground D) Suspended feeders E) C and D - ANSWER-A) J-shaped clip on feeder What type of feeders are used for large species? A) J-shaped clip on feeder B) V-shaped feeder C) Feed bowls on the ground D) Suspended feeders E) C and D - ANSWER-E) C and D feed bowls on the ground and suspended feeders For a HEPA filter, what does HEPA stand for? - ANSWER-high- efficiency particulate air filter What does PPE stand for? - ANSWER-Personal Protective Equipment An area is considered a noise hazard at what decible? - ANSWER-85 or above When protecting against airborne pathogens or allergens, you should wear what kind of mask? - ANSWER-N95 type respirator or a PAPR What are 3 key factors for personal protection against radiation? - ANSWER-Shielding: lead aprons Time: minimize time spent near radioactive materials Distance: Stay far away from radioactive material What kind of injury is most common in the workplace? - ANSWER-Ergonomic What kind of injuries does ergonomic hazards cause? - ANSWER-Musculoskeletal injuries What can help avoid repetitive motion injuries? - ANSWER--Alternating tasks to use different muscle groups -Take small breaks inbetween standing to put less stress on body What are the common allergens people can develope when working with lab animals? - ANSWER-rat/mouse urine and saliva, dander and fur What is top priority if an accident results in injury? - ANSWER-First Aid What does HEPA stand for? - ANSWER-high-efficiency partculate air How many HEPA filters are on a laminar flow cabinet? - ANSWER-2 What class of BSCs are used in enclose equipment that has potential of generating aerosols or dust and for changing small animal cages. What is the con to this BSC? - ANSWER-Class 1 BSC, due to pulling unfiltered air it provides no protection to what is inside the cabinet What class of BSCs pulls air into cabinet to filter it and recirculate it.? how many types of this class of BSC is there? - ANSWER-Class 11 BSC. 4 types A1, A2, B1, B2 What class of BSCs is also known as glove boxes. They have airtight cabinets designed for high risk biological agents. It uses long heavy rubber gloves attached to gas-tight ports to reach inside the cabinet. - ANSWER-Class 111 What is another name for animal housing? - ANSWER-Primary enclosure What kind of caging is meant for rodents? - ANSWER-microisolation cages on ventilated racks What kind of cage is meant for larger animals? - ANSWER-front-opening cages with solid bottoms or floor grates What cage is used to house nonhuman primates inside? - ANSWER-squeeze cages Outdoor nonhuman primates and agricultural animals can be housed in what? - ANSWER-runs or corrals Why is environmental enrichment good? Give 4 reasons. - ANSWER-reduce boredom through mental stimulation, provide sense of security, offer exercise oppertunity, permit social interaction Which regulation mandates that dogs recieve exercise and non human primates be provided a psychological enrichment program? - ANSWER-Animal Welfare and Regulations Act What kind of plastic caging is most common and why? - ANSWER-Polysulfone, can withstand extreme autoclave temperatures Which plastic caging is impact and temperature resistant, but is not commonly used anymore? - ANSWER-Polycarbonate Which plastic caging is non-durable plastic used for disposable single-use caging application? - ANSWER-Polystyrene Which plastic caging is used for high risk infectious agents and most resistant to extreme autoclave temperatures and high number of autoclave cycles? - ANSWER-Polyphenylsulfone Which plastic caging is a single used dispoable caging? - ANSWER-Polyethylene (PET) Which plastic caging is used for suspended rodent cages, aquatic tanks, and rabbit cgaes? This material is shatter resistant, but opaque so it is not recommended for rodent use. - ANSWER-Polypropylene What is the most common metal used in animal caging? - ANSWER-Stainless steel Why is aluminum metal not used anymore in animal caging? Why was it liked? - ANSWER-Not used due to not being able to stand up to repeated washing and chemical exposures. It was liked because it is light wieght Why is galvanized metal rarely used now in animal caging? What problems did it have? - ANSWER-Problems with rust and corrosion Which guideline and regulations defines minimum cage sizes and charcteristics? - ANSWER-The Guide and standards of Animal Welfare Regulations What kind of cage is used for rodents with a solid bottom and a wire lid on top tightly closed? - ANSWER-Shoebox caging What kind of cage is a shoebox cage with a plastic top that has a filter? - ANSWER-Microisolation cage What kind of microisolation cage is not mechanically ventilated and allows passive air exchange into and out of the cage? - ANSWER-Static microisolation cage What is an IVCs ( individually ventillated cage) cage? - ANSWER-A microisolation cage that has a fan on the rack that actively moves air in and out through air flow ports. What kind of microisolation cages house specialized animals? - ANSWER-biocontainment cages What is a suspended cage? - ANSWER-A cage attached to stainless steel runners that slide forward like a drawer. What kind of bottom caging is not recommended for rodents? - ANSWER-Wire-bottom because it can cause foot injuries What are modular cages? - ANSWER-Cages fixed in the rack instead of being suspended. For outdoor NHP enclosures what does USDA require? - ANSWER-perimter fence at least 6ft high and 3 ft away from any primary enclosures Aqautic caging systems must have what? - ANSWER-Water source and drain Cubicales are designed for what? - ANSWER-mini animal rooms within larger room What kind of cage monitors feed & water intake along with urine & feces output? A) Transfer cages B) Cubicales C)Metabolism Cages D) Modular Cages - ANSWER-C) Metabolism Cages What kind of caging is used for temporary housing and used to move animals within facilities? - ANSWER-Transfer or tranport cages Where can you find space recommenations for animal housing? - ANSWER-The Guide What is microenvironment? - ANSWER-Environment conditions within the animals cage What is macroenvironment? - ANSWER-environment conditions in the room at large What temperature should rodent rooms be kept at? - ANSWER-72 degrees What is the acceptable humidity range in animal rooms? - ANSWER-30%-70% More air is being pumped into the room than is pumped out. Which pressure is this? Negaitve or Positive? - ANSWER-Positive More air is being pumped out of the room than being pumped in. Which pressure is this? Negative or Positive? - ANSWER-Negative What does a barrier-maintained animal room protect against? - ANSWER-prevents entry of all infectious agents form getting into a room Proper ventilation helps prevent the accumulation of what gases? - ANSWER-ammonia and carbon dioxide What are the 3 processes used to kill or remove microorganisms? - ANSWER-Sanitization, disinfection, sterilization This process washes away microorganisms and reduces the number of them on a surface. A) Sterilization B) Sanitization C)Disinfection - ANSWER-B) Sanitization This process destorys microorganisms or inhibts their growth and activity A) Sterilization B) Sanitization C)Disinfection - ANSWER-C) Disinfection This process destroys all microorganisms on and sometimes inside an object. A) Sterilization B) Sanitization C)Disinfection - ANSWER-A) sterilization What is a trait? - ANSWER-inherited characteristic What are dominant genes? - ANSWER-Genes that are easily expressed What are recessive genes? - ANSWER-Genese that are less easily expressed What is genotype? - ANSWER-The genetic makeup of an organism What is phenotype? - ANSWER-Physical characteristics of an organism A genetic alteration is called - ANSWER-Mutation An impairment in a portion of the immune system is reffered to as - ANSWER-Immunodeficiency A transgenic animal is? - ANSWER-An animal that contains new genes from either another species or altered from same species A "knockout" animal means what? - ANSWER-An animal with an altered gene that is designed to turn off a specific gene, preventing it from expressing Gestation period is? - ANSWER-Time between fertilization and birth What are some methods to confirm if a mouse is pregnant? - ANSWER-Mucous plug (only visible for up to 24hours) Swab cervix for sperm Weigh mouse daily to see if change Radiographs or palpation The end of gestation period is called? - ANSWER-Parturition When unrelated or distantly related animals of same stock are mated it is called? - ANSWER-Outbreeding When related animals of the same stock are mated, it is called? - ANSWER-Inbreeding Line breeding is what? - ANSWER-Animals that share one or few common distant ancestors Cross breeding is what? - ANSWER-mating animals of different breeds A one to one breeding pair is? - ANSWER-Monogamous pair A one male to two or three females is? - ANSWER-Polygamous pair When a neonatal pup has nursed what should you see and where is it located? - ANSWER-Milk spot and the left side of abdomen What is a dystocia? - ANSWER-Difficult birth What is a vaginal prolapse? - ANSWER-Portion of the vaginal tissue protrudes from the vulva Rodent mothers communicate to their pups by what way? - ANSWER-Ultrasonic vocalization What breeding method produces animals with minimal genetic variation? A) cross breeding B) outbreeding C) inbreeding D) line breeding - ANSWER-C) inbreeding What is it called when animals that share a distant ancestor are mated together? A) cross breeding B) outbreeding C) inbreeding D) line breeding - ANSWER-D) line breeding Germ free animals are known as? - ANSWER-Axenic animals How long does it take for tests to show if an animal has been exposed to a pathogen? - ANSWER-Minimum of 14-21 days Analgesics are what kind of drug? What are the two kinds? - ANSWER-Pain reliever drugs opioids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs What do NSAID do? - ANSWER-Reduces inflammation, swelling, redness, and helps relieve pain Why are steroids commonly used in organ transplant studies? - ANSWER-They suppress the immune system What is the con to using NSAIDs? - ANSWER-They can destroy the lining in the stomach and possibly death Anesthetic drugs are classified as? a) general b)local c)regional d) all of the above e) none of the above - ANSWER-d) all of the above This anesthetic : Numbs a small area by blocking nerve transmission? - ANSWER-Local block This anesthetic : Blocks nerve transmission in a large area of the body such as a limb? - ANSWER-Regional Block This anesthetic : Affects entire nervous system and renders animal unconscious while eliminating pain - ANSWER-General What are the two most common inhalants? - ANSWER-isoflurane and sevoflurane What agency regulates drugs that are considered controlled substances? - ANSWER-US Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) Tranquilizers do what? - ANSWER-Calm and sedate animals Which parasiticide kills protozoans? a) anthelmintics b) insecticides c) miticides d) antiprotozoals - ANSWER-d) antiprotozoals Which parasiticide kills parasitic insects likes fleas or lice? a) anthelmintics b) insecticides c) miticides d) antiprotozoals - ANSWER-b) insecticides Which parasiticide eliminates worms? a) anthelmintics b) insecticides c) miticides d) antiprotozoals - ANSWER-a) anthelminitics Which parasiticide kills mites and ticks? a) anthelmintics b) insecticides c) miticides d) antiprotozoals - ANSWER-c) miticides Expiration date on a drug is? - ANSWER-When a drug has may be expected to have lost its potency for its effect Enteral drug administration is? - ANSWER-Providing a drug directly into gastrointestinal tract either orally or rectally Parenteral drug administration is? - ANSWER-Providing drugs through the blood stream (ie: IV, IC, IM, SQ, ID, IP) Drugs delivered as vapors or aerosol are what kind of drugs? - ANSWER-Inhalation drugs Drugs delivered directly to the skin, eyes, and ears are what kind of drugs? - ANSWER-Topical drugs Cats are sensitive to what kind of drugs? - ANSWER-opioids and NSAIDs What drug can be fatal to guinea pigs? - ANSWER-Penicillin What are the two methods for euthanasia? - ANSWER-Chemical agents and physical methods Who creates the guidelines for euthanasia? - ANSWER-AVMA AVMA guidelines identify for each species what euthanasia methods? - ANSWER-Methods that are acceptable, conditionally acceptable, and unacceptable Waste gas is drawn into an approved waste system, where it can be absorbed or exhausted safely. This process is called? - ANSWER-Scavenging What supplement do guinea pigs need in their diet because their body lacks the enzyme to produce it? - ANSWER-Vitamin C What is a vector? - ANSWER-an organism that transmits a pathogen, but itself does not cause disease What are the two types of sentinel programs? - ANSWER-Direct and indirect Sentinels are placed in cages with the colony animals. Which sentinel program is this? - ANSWER-Direct sentinel program Sentinels are housed in a seperate microisolation cages in the animal room? Which sentinel program is this? - ANSWER-Indirect sentinel program After getting a TB vaccine when should the site be re-examined to determine if it is positive or negative? - ANSWER-48-72 hours All NHPs should be tested for what, when they arrive at a facility during the quarantine period? - ANSWER-TB (tuberculosis) - ANSWER- What is the equation for Celsius? - ANSWER-℃= ((℉-32))/1.8 or ℃=5/9 (℉-32) If a pH has more hydrogen ions is it more acidic or alkaline? - ANSWER-Acidic If a pH has less hydrogen ions is it more acidic or alkaline? - ANSWER-Alkaline pH of 7 is what? A) acidic B) neutral C)alkaline - ANSWER-B) Neutral If the pH is above 7 is that acidic or alkaline? - ANSWER-alkaline If the pH is below 7 is that more acidic or alkaline? - ANSWER-acidic Separate housing is used when mating what animals to avoid killing the offspring or eachother? A) mice and rats B) rats and gerbils C) rabbits and hamsters D) cats and mice - ANSWER-C) rabbits and hamsters MUS MUSCULUS - ANSWER-Mouse