ABO Exam Prep (Latest 2023 – 2024) With
Complete Solution
Accommodation - Focusing of the eye in a near object theough relaxation of the ciliary
muscle and thickening of the lens.
Amblyopia - The loss of vision without any apparent disease of the eye.
Ametropia - A refractive error in which the eye, when in a state of rest, does not focus the
image of an object upon the retina, includes hyperopia, myopia, and astigmatism
Aniseikonia - A condition in which the ocular image of an object as seen by one eye differs
so much in size or shape from that seen by the other eye that the two images cannot be
fused into a single impression
Anisometropia - A condition in which the refractive error of one eye significantly differs
from that of the other; each eye must have the same sign i.e. Both eyes are myopic or
hyperopic
Antimetropia - The refractive condition whereby the signs in each eye are opposite; one
eye is hyperopic while the other is myopic
Aphakia - An absence of the crystalline Lens of the eye
Aqueous humor - The clear watery fluid that fills the anterior and posterior chambers
within the front part of the eye
Astigmatism - A refractive error that prevents the light rays from coming to a single focus
on the retina because of the different degrees of refraction in the various meridians of the
eye
Cataract - A condition in which the crystalline lens of the eye, or its capsule, or both become
opaque with consequent loss of visual acuity
Choroid - The vascular intermediate coat that furnishes nourishment to other parts of the
eyeball
Ciliary body - That portion of the vascular coat between the iris and the choroid. It consists
of ciliary processes and the ciliary muscle
Compound hyperopic astigmatism - The refractive error which results in two points of
focus falling behind the retina
Complete Solution
Accommodation - Focusing of the eye in a near object theough relaxation of the ciliary
muscle and thickening of the lens.
Amblyopia - The loss of vision without any apparent disease of the eye.
Ametropia - A refractive error in which the eye, when in a state of rest, does not focus the
image of an object upon the retina, includes hyperopia, myopia, and astigmatism
Aniseikonia - A condition in which the ocular image of an object as seen by one eye differs
so much in size or shape from that seen by the other eye that the two images cannot be
fused into a single impression
Anisometropia - A condition in which the refractive error of one eye significantly differs
from that of the other; each eye must have the same sign i.e. Both eyes are myopic or
hyperopic
Antimetropia - The refractive condition whereby the signs in each eye are opposite; one
eye is hyperopic while the other is myopic
Aphakia - An absence of the crystalline Lens of the eye
Aqueous humor - The clear watery fluid that fills the anterior and posterior chambers
within the front part of the eye
Astigmatism - A refractive error that prevents the light rays from coming to a single focus
on the retina because of the different degrees of refraction in the various meridians of the
eye
Cataract - A condition in which the crystalline lens of the eye, or its capsule, or both become
opaque with consequent loss of visual acuity
Choroid - The vascular intermediate coat that furnishes nourishment to other parts of the
eyeball
Ciliary body - That portion of the vascular coat between the iris and the choroid. It consists
of ciliary processes and the ciliary muscle
Compound hyperopic astigmatism - The refractive error which results in two points of
focus falling behind the retina
