NBCOT Practice Questions with complete solution 2023

NBCOT Practice Questions with complete solution 2023Entry into the early intervention system begins with which of the following? A. Screening for developmental delay B. Individualized Family Service Plan C. Screening for family environmental risk factors D. Individualized Education Plan (IEP) - correct answer A. A family is referred for an early intervention screening at which a developmental therapist or OT screens the child to determine if a full assessment is necessary. (Pediatric Occupational Therapy and Early Intervention by Case-Smith) In the assessment phase of early intervention, an OT assesses the daily living skills of an infant. In the context of early intervention, the areas that are being assessed are: A. Feeding and sleeping patterns B. Play and leisure patterns C. Motor development patterns D. Sensory development patterns - correct answer A. Daily living skills in infants refer to self-sustaining skills, such as feeding and sleeping. Sleep patterns can be evaluated from the parent's description of a typical day. Daily living skills also refer to bathing and dressing, but this is as it involves the parents. (Pediatric Occupational Therapy and Early Intervention by Case-Smith) An assessment team in early intervention has completed an evaluation of a toddler. In compiling the Individualized Family Service Plan, the goals should be determined by the: A. Service coordinator for the case B. Therapists from each discipline C. Reimbursing agency D. Parents - correct answer D. Although therapists suggest goals based on the evaluation process, ultimately a child's parents decide which goals will be included and which goals are a priority. Goals that relate specifically to the family's concerns about the care of their child are included in the plan. If therapists have other goals, these can be added with parental consent. (Pediatric Occupational Therapy and Early Intervention by Case-Smith) In early intervention there are different types of risk factors. A child with Down syndrome is an example of: A. Biological risk B. Environmental risk C. Established risk D. Recurring risk - correct answer C. Children with known chromosomal, structural, or metabolic defects are classified as having established risk. (Pediatric Occupational Therapy and Early Intervention by Case-Smith) The parent of a child that is being treated in therapy describes how the child covers their ears when riding in the car with the windows down. The parent does not understand why the child persists in this behavior. The OT explains that this behavior could be the result of: A. Sensory defensiveness B. Gravitational insecurity C. Underresponsiveness D. Aversion to movement - correct answer A. A child experiencing sensory defensiveness has a tendency to respond negatively to sensation that is considered by most people to be noninvasive or nonirritating. This frequently includes hyperresponsiveness to light or unexpected touches, high-frequency noises, certain visual stimulation, or certain smells and tastes. (Sensory Integration: Theory and Practice by Bundy) An OT is using the Peabody Developmental Motor Scales to evaluate a child. The therapist is assessing the child's: A. Performance of tasks that support school participation B. Visual perception skills in community settings C. Gross and fine motor skills D. Performance in everyday tasks - correct answer C. The Peabody assesses a child's abilities with gross and fine motor skills. (Occupational Therapy for Children by Case-Smith) A patient diagnosed with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus is referred to occupational therapy for splinting. A primary area that must be assessed before prescribing a splint is: A. Edema B. Sensation C. Pain D. Fine motor manipulation - correct answer B. Persons with long-standing diabetes frequently have increased incidences of other conditions, such as peripheral neuropathies. Therefore, a sensory evaluation is necessary to determine if sensation is diminished. A person with diminished sensation secondary to peripheral neuropathy may not be able to perceive or gauge pressure when wearing a splint. This can lead to skin breakdown. (Introduction to Splinting: A Clinical Reasoning & Problem Solving Process by Coppard and Lohman) An OT is asked to administer a test to a child and compare the assessment results or scores to the sample population of children that have similar characteristics as this child. The BEST type of evaluation to administer would be: A. Criterion-referenced test B. Norm-referenced test C. Skilled observation D. Checklist - correct answer B. A norm-referenced test is developed by giving the test in question to a large number of children, usually several hundred or more. This group is the more normative group and norms or averages are derived from this sample. When a norm-referenced test is administered, the performance of the child being tested is compared to the normative sample. (Occupational Therapy for Children by Case-Smith) During an evaluation, the OT must determine a child's exact chronological age. The child was born on March 6, 2003 and the testing date is July 12, 2006. The child's chronological age is: A. 4 years, 6 months, 5 days B. 3 years, 2 months, 6 days C. 4 years, 5 months, 6 days D. 3 years, 4 months, 6 days - correct answer D. The day, month, and year of the child's birth date is subtracted from the date of testing. (Occupational Therapy for Children by Case-Smith) An OT has to calculate the corrected age for a child that was born prematurely. The child had a due date of September 20, 2005 and their birth date was June 12, 2005. The child was born 3 months, 8 days premature and is currently 1 year, 1 month, 25 days old. The therapist determines the corrected age is: A. 10 months, 17 days B. 12 months, 2 days C. 9 months, 8 days D. 7 months, 10 days - correct answer A. Corrected age is used for children who were born prematurely to "correct" for the number of weeks they were born before the due date. Generally the age is corrected until the child turns 2 years old. Many practitioners consider 36 to 37 weeks and above to be full-term gestation. Children with a gestation period of 36 weeks and above do not receive a corrected age. Subtract the birth date from the due date to yield the exact measurement of prematurity, and to calculate the corrected age, subtract the amount of prematurity from the chronological age. (Occupational Therapy for Children by Case-Smith) A 3-year-old child has been referred for early intervention. In the discussion about intervention with the family, the team should be sure to: A. Use lay terminology to describe the early intervention process B. Explain conditions in detailed technical and medical terms C. Discourage parents asking questions D. Ignore parents' feedback and ideas on intervention - correct answer A. The team dealing with the case should use lay terminology to describe the early intervention process and repeat information to make sure that the parents understand. They should also welcome parental feedback and incorporate the parents' ideas into a suggested activity. Professionals should encourage parents to ask questions and repeat information when necessary. Because the language used by health care professionals is often technical and medically related, families can easily misunderstand its meaning. OTs and other team members must make a concerted effort to use lay terminology to describe function, rather than neurophysiologic components. (Occupational Therapy for Children by Case-Smith) A 6-year-old is interested in learning to roller skate. However, after the initial few minutes of practice the child does not continue with it and appears to lack the will to follow up what was started. This behavior is typical of Erik Eriksson's psychosocial development stage that deals with: A. Basic trust versus mistrust stage B. Autonomy versus doubt and shame stage C. Self-identity versus role diffusion stage D. Security versus instability - correct answer B. This stage is characterized by holding on and letting go and is exemplified by the crisis that occurs through the toilet-training process. This stage brings independent movement away from the parents, enabling the child to explore the environment. Parents must provide opportunities for the child to make choices and develop a sense of self-controlled will. (Occupational Therapy for Children by Case-Smith)