EMT Practice Test Questions and answers, Test Questions. 2022. Graded A+

EMT Practice Test Questions and answers, Test Questions. 2022. Graded A+ Document Content and Description Below EMT Practice Test Questions and answers, Test Questions. 2022. Graded A+ What is the rate of CPR in breaths and compressions: - 6 breaths and 110 compressions in a minute What is consi dered tachycardic for an adult? - heart rate more than 100 What is considered bradycardic for an adult? - Heart rate less than 60 When is nitroglycerin not advised to be administered? - if the systolic blood pressure is less than 100 Where does blood flow after it leaves the left ventricle? - it flows to the aortic arch What medication is Erectile Dysfunction medications a contraindication? - nitroglycerin What is the parasympathetic system responsible for? - slowing the heart rate and intestinal activity What is the function of the carotid artery? - it carries blood from the heart to the head Are open ended or close ended questions better to ask? - open ended questions; it avoids the yes/no answer what delivers blood to the right atrium? - the superior and inferior vena cava What does diastolic blood pressure refer to? - it refers to the pressure of the vessels during the relaxation phase; bottom of the blood pressure What is TIA - transient ischemic attack; this is where vessels in the brain are blocked for a few minutes When do you change roles during CPR? - every two minutes What is another name for a heart attack? - acute myocardial infarction What does nitroglycerin do? - nitroglycerin dilates the vessels to reduce the hearts preload When cells are deprived of oxygen and die they are called? - infarcted cells What type of heart attack is extremely common in elderly? - silent heart attack What is arteriosclerosis? - thickening of arterial walls What is pericardial tamponade? - the heart is impeded by fluid in the pericardium What happens when someone has a pericardial tamponade? - low blood pressure; muffled heart sound; weak pulse due to the hearts struggles to pump If a patient is unresponsive with a pulse you: - 2 quick rescue breaths then breaths 10-12 every minute what does a sphygmonometer measure? - it measures blood pressure what is a normal systolic blood pressure for a child? - 80-110 what are three things to check if suspicious of a stroke? - speech, facial droop, arm drift what are the actions of nitroglycerin - smooth muscle relaxation, reduces cardiac workload, dilates coronary arteries, and dilates systemic arteries what happens if a patient has preeclampsia? - hypertensive; extremely high blood pressure and swelling in extremeties; susceptible to seizures what is an ischemic stroke? - blood flow being cut off from part of the brain what is the normal heart rate for a child - 70-110 beats per minute what ratio should 2 person cpr on a child be done at? - 15:2 what is the correct treatment for someone undergoing aphyxial cardiac arrest? - 5 cycles of CPR prior to retrieving the AED or emergency response system what is the most common reason for cardiac arrest in children? - respiratory arrest what does the term lumen refer to in EMS? - the diameter of a tube rescue breathing guidelines: - adult: 1 breath every 5-6 seconds; child: 1 breath every 3-5 seconds what does placing a folded towel underneath a childs shoulders do? - it aids in aligning the childs airway what does DKA cause? - it causes frequent urination in an attempt to rid the body of excess acid buildup what does alpha 1 receptors do? - vasoconstricts/shunts blood what does beta 1 receptors do? - increases HR/contractility what is the difference between compensatory and decompensatory stages of shock? - compensatory: normal blood pressure decompensatory: Systemic blood pressure decreases and altered mental status two types of frontal impact is: - up and over or down and under up and over crashes injur: - head, neck, chest, abdomen down and under crash injury: - knees, femurs, hips, pelvis, spine what is the paper bag effect? - when a victim takes a deep breath before impact and the air trapped in the lungs is compressed; may cause a pneumothorax coupe/contra coupe: - entire brain shifts forward hitting frontal bone and snapping veins/arteries; anterior and posterior bleeds what is the Don Juan Syndrome? - landing feet first; bilateral heel fractures; ankle fractures; distal tibia/fibula fractures; knee dislocations; femur fractures, hip injuries, spine compression fractures what are the 4 forces acting on a bullet? - drag, profile, cavitation, fragmentation arterial bleed: - spurting, pulsating flow; bright red venus bleed: - steady slow flow; dark red capillary bleed: - slow, even flow; dark to intermediate red Femur Blood Loss: - 1500 mL Pelvic blood loss: - 2000 mL abdomen loss with 1 inch distention: - mL hematemisis signs: - blood in vomit hematochezia signs: - bright red blood in feces; indicates a bleed in the lower GI tract Melena signs: - dark red blood in feces; indicates a bleed in the upper respiratory tract what do you do if an internal organ is exposed? - occlusive dressing x4; flex hips/knees if no spinal injury if an object is impaled what do you do? - manually secure; control bleeding and stabilize object ecchymosis is: - a bruise; deoxygenated blood in the tissue fist size hemotoma causes how much blood loss? - 10% blood loss how do you treat a chest impalement? - occlusive dressing on 3 sides how do you treat a neck injury? - occlusive dressing on 4 sides; consider c collar what are the 5 steps to stop external bleeding? - direct pressure, tourniquet, pressure bandage, shock treatment (oxygen, elevation, blanket), rapid transport what are the 5 steps to stop internal bleeding? - assess for shock, splint PRN, monitor Vital signs, rapid transport PASG indications: - pelvic fracture, HYPOtension, PASG contraindications: - pulmonary edema (absolute); penetrating thoracic, eviseration, pregnancy, impaled abdomen what type of chemical burn is worse, acid or alkali? - alkali is worse compartment syndrome: - pressure in space around the capillaries exceeds the pressure in needed to perfuse the tissues; blood flow is cut off and cells are hypoxic; extremity may feel hard and pulses may be normal what is the only way out of the skull? - foramen magnum increased CO2 affect in intracranial pressure - cerebral vessels dilate;Increased blood flow decreased CO2, effect in intracranial pressure - cerebral vessels constrict; decreasing blood flow head trauma level 1 signs/symptoms: - decorticate posturing; pupils mid sized and reactive; cheyne-stokes breathing head trauma level 2 signs/symptoms: - decerebrate posturing; extension of upper extremities; torso and legs; pupils mid sized and fixed; central neurogenic hyperventilation head trauma level 3 signs/symptoms: - flaccid, no reaction to pain, pupils fixed and dilated basilar skull fracture signs/symptoms: - raccoon eyes; bruising behind ears; blood and CSF from ears/nose epidural hematoma: - blood "pocket"; above the dura mater, usually from a rapidly expanding arterial bleed subdural hematoma: - below the dura mater; usually from slowly expanding venous bleed; slowly develops over hours to days acute subdural hematoma: - expands rapidly due to size of vessel; develops in a few hours increasing ICP causes: - edema, isch