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Samenvatting module 2.4: afweer

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samenvatting module 2.4: afweer

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Module 2.4: afweer:
Wat is afweer:
• reactie tegen lichaamsvreemde bestanddelen
• doel: eliminatie / autonome, ‘passieve’ bescherming
• afweersysteem
= immuunsysteem
= immunologisch systeem

➔witte bloedcellen + lymfesysteem = leukocyten = lymfatisch systeem

Afweersysteem vertoont dichotomie:




Bestanddelen van afweersysteem:
• fagocyten
• NK cellen
• B-, T-lymfocyten
• Antilichamen
• Epitheelbarriere

Hoe werkt de afweer:




28

, Eerste verdedigingslinie:
Huid en slijmvliezen:

• Mechanische bescherming
▪ Meerdere lagen epitheel
▪ Acellulaire hoornlaag huid
▪ ‘tight junctions’ tussen de epitheelcellen
• Talg- en zweetsecretie huid
• Trilharen en slijmlaag op slijmvliezen
• Zuurproductie

Stoffen met antimicrobiele eigenschappen

Collectinen en interferonen

Cellulaire elementen van de niet-specifieke afweer:
• Mast cellen
• Macrofagen
• Granulocyten
• NK-cellen
• ILC

Mast cellen:
• Vooral aanwezig in weefsel
▪ In buurt bloedbaan
▪ Submucosaal van weefsel in contact met buitenwereld
• Uit myeloide precursor?
• 2 types:
▪ Bindweefsel type
▪ Mucosaal type
• Activatie door
▪ Directe aspecifieke trigger
▪ Specifieke stimulus
• Vrijzetting mediatoren

Fagocytose:
• Door macrofagen en granulocyten
• Opsonizatie bevordert fagocytose
• Endocytose en intracellulaire vertering

Patroonherkenning door cellen van aangeboren immuunsysteem:
• Groepen van moleculaire patronen op micro-organismen worden door bepaalde receptoren
herkend
• 2 klassen van receptoren:
▪ PAMP (pathogen-associated molecular patterns)
▪ Evolutionair geconserveerde structuren op micro-organismen
▪ Ontbreken op humane lichaamscellen
▪ Binden TLR, Nod-eiwitten, C-type-lectinen
▪ Bv: LPS, endotoxine, PG, viraal DNA
- DAMP (danger-associated molecular pattern

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