TEFL
– adult learners: make use of world and life knowledge of other languages → cognitive
approach
– young learners: less inhibition → hostilic approach
IQ:
– Realtion between language learning ability and IQ unclear, especially regarding
communication and interaction skills
– higher IQ may be a strong factor regarding learning but it may play a less significant role in
classrooms where the focus lies within communication and interaction
Howard Gardner‘s multiple intelligences (MI)
• linguistic (“word smart“)
• logical/mathematical (“number/reasoning smart“)
• visual (“picture smart“)
• musical (“music smart“)
• bodily/kinaesthetic (“body smart“)
• interpersonal (“people smart“)
• intrapersonal (“self smart“)
– personanlity factors influencing learning process: extro-, introversion, sel-esteem, empathy,
self-efficacy
Motivation
– highly compley phenomenon consisting of ebbs and flows
– determined by learner's communicative needs
– learning strategies: steps taken by students to enhance own learning
– Learning strategies …
• … support learning directly and indirectly.
• … are not always observable.
• … are often conscious.
• … can be taught (and learned).
• … are flexible.
• … are influenced by a variety of factors …
• such as personal preferences and learning styles
–
– adult learners: make use of world and life knowledge of other languages → cognitive
approach
– young learners: less inhibition → hostilic approach
IQ:
– Realtion between language learning ability and IQ unclear, especially regarding
communication and interaction skills
– higher IQ may be a strong factor regarding learning but it may play a less significant role in
classrooms where the focus lies within communication and interaction
Howard Gardner‘s multiple intelligences (MI)
• linguistic (“word smart“)
• logical/mathematical (“number/reasoning smart“)
• visual (“picture smart“)
• musical (“music smart“)
• bodily/kinaesthetic (“body smart“)
• interpersonal (“people smart“)
• intrapersonal (“self smart“)
– personanlity factors influencing learning process: extro-, introversion, sel-esteem, empathy,
self-efficacy
Motivation
– highly compley phenomenon consisting of ebbs and flows
– determined by learner's communicative needs
– learning strategies: steps taken by students to enhance own learning
– Learning strategies …
• … support learning directly and indirectly.
• … are not always observable.
• … are often conscious.
• … can be taught (and learned).
• … are flexible.
• … are influenced by a variety of factors …
• such as personal preferences and learning styles
–
