Summary NR 545 Exam 1 Reviewed Study Guide with answers

Exam tips: -Exam questions can be drawn from readings, discussion content and also course lectures and interactive learning activities - The course is a review. It is an expectation that you fully understand the physical assessment findings (normal and abnormal) for all content. You may be tested on normal findings for each body system. Week1 E ENT: Review the complete EENT exam in your physical assessment text if you need to review this information Questions can include pathophysiology, health assessment (normal and abnormal), and pharmacologic treatment Review required readings, course lectures, case study and learning activity. EENT diagnoses- know bacterial, viral and allergic presentations for each Ear: anatomy, function of structures, hearing loss- types of loss The ear • Parts of the ear o 3 sections External ear consists of • Pinna: visible flap on the side of the head • External auditory- aka canal o Passes through temporal bone to tympanic membrane (ear drum) Tympanic membrane separates external and middle ear Middle ear consists of • Tympanic cavity: hollow area in the bone that contains 3 tiny bones (malleus, incus and stapes) making up ossicles • Opens into the auditory (eustachian tube) which connects to nasopharynx Inner ear- aka labyrinth • Consists of cochlea and semicircular • Hearing loss • 2 types: conduction deafness and sensorineural deafness o Conduction deafness: sound is blocked in the external ear or middle ear Examples: • Accumulation of wax or foreign object in canal blocking sound waves Scar tissue or adhesions o Sensorineural: develops w/ damage to organ of corti or auditory nerve Can result from: • infection (rubella, influenza and herpes) • head trauma • neurologic disorders affecting the auditory nerve or temporal lobe ototoxic drugs can cause temporary or permanent hearing loss o antibxs: streptomycin, neomycin, vancomycin o analgesics: aspirin ibuprofen o diuretic: furosemide(Lasix) o some antineoplastic • tinnitus- early sign of toxicity • tx o noise suppression therapy o meds that help reduce severity of condition • sudden, very loud sounds or prolonged exposure to loud nose damage hair cells • presbycusis- sensorineural o occurs in elderly d/t a decrease number of hair cells or degeneration of cochlea • congenital deafness o may be inherited or result from infection or trauma during pregnancy or delivery o early dx and tx are essential for development of child