PHI 208 WEEK 3 QUIZ - QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

PHI 208 Week 3 Quiz Question 1 In the video “What Is Just War Theory?” Michael Walzer argues it is important to read the essays and memoir literature of soldiers because they make the toughest moral decisions on the battlefield they contain critical material regarding the actual experience of war moral arguments about war should ring true to Correct!Correct! all of the above The answer can be found between minutes 10:00-15:00 of the video “What is Just War Theory?” Question 2 A deontological theory of morality regards moral actions as: Correct!Correct! based on duty based on the best consequences proceeding from virtuous character relative to each person’s desires The answer can be found in Kant’s Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals and **. Question 3 According to Kant in the Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals, suicide is: Moral if and only if one lives in a state or country where it is legal. Correct!Correct! Immoral because it involves treating one’s autonomous will merely as a means to the relief of suffering. Moral if and only if one does not have friends or family members that would be hurt by it. Immoral because it condemns one to eternal damnation. The answer can be found in Kant’s Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals page 29. Question 4 Kant’s theory of morality is best described as: Utilitarian Based on divine commands Relativistic Correct!Correct! Deontological The answer can be found in Kant’s Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals Question 5 Which would be an example of acting from duty, according to Kant’s Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals: Respecting others because you want them to like you. Correct!Correct! Keeping one’s promise because that’s what everyone should always do. Being honest with my customers in order to increase my company’s profits. All of the above. The answer can be found in Kant’s Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals, p. 19. Question 6 In the Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals Kant explains that respect for a person is: the recognition of the worth of the person’s potential contribution to society. dependent upon whether the person respects others. both A and B Correct!Correct! none of the above. The answer can be found in Kant’s Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals, pp. 28-30. Question 7 According to Nagel in “War and Massacre,” which of the following may be permitted by absolutism, at least in some circumstances? Intentionally killing an innocent person Dropping a nuclear bomb on an enemy city Torturing an innocent person Correct!Correct! Doing something that unintentionally brings about an innocent person's death the answer can be found in Thomas Nagel’s article “War and Massacre” Question 8 Which of the statements by Jeremy Waldron in the video “Drones Are Not Ethical and Effective” best expresses a deontological argument similar to one that Immanuel Kant might make? Correct!Correct! “when you…maintain that a particular form of warfare is legitimate you can't just maintain that for yourself, you have to accept that it would be legitimate in the hands of your opponents.” “what we're dealing with here is a general proposition and an indicative proposition, not a subjunctive” “drone warfare involves an expansion of the targets” “often those who are participating in these attacks are CIA operatives rather than military personnel” The answer can be found in the video “Drones Are Not Ethical and Effective” Question 9 According to Kant’s ideas in the Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals, what is one way in which I can determine whether my actions respect other persons as end-in-themselves? Correct!Correct! They could reasonably accept my reasons for action. They have been coerced or manipulated into being treated in certain ways. My actions diminish their own ability to make free, autonomous choices. All of the above. Question 10 In the video “Drones Are Not Ethical and Effective,” Jeremy Waldron argues that one reason drones are not ethical because their use involves Correct!Correct! the maintenance of a secret death list by government authorities total transparency and accountability the assurance that only combatants will be targeted an increased risk to drone operators The answer can be found in the video “Drones Are Not Ethical and Effective” Question 11 Michael Walzer argues that there is a radical distinction between war and civil life because war is an intensely collective and collectivizing experience the circumstances of war are intensely coercive in ways not found elsewhere in society war is a world of pervasive uncertainty Correct!Correct! all of the above The answer can be found between minutes 25:00-40:00 of the video “What is Just War Theory?” Question 12 In Kant Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals, the maxim of an act is: the expected overall utility resulting from the action. Correct!Correct! the policy or principle that you would be following if you did it. the unconscious biological cause of the act. all of the above. The answer can be found in Kant’s Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals. Question 13 According to Kant’s Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals, which of these is not important to morality? duty moral law reason Correct!Correct! None of the above. Question 14 Michael Walzer argues that in the unique world of war, both morality and authority are established by rules of war Correct!Correct! radically contested established by neutral states none of the above The answer can be found between minutes 35:00-45:00 of the video “What is Just War Theory?” Question 15 Kant argues that we should never use people as a means: Correct!Correct! unless we are respecting their rational autonomy at the same time. unless we can do so without their knowledge. unless we are certain that doing so will lead to the greatest overall happiness. unless they are guilty of breaking the law. The answer can be found in Kant’s Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals pp. 28-30. Question 16 In the video “What is Just War Theory?” Michael Walzer states that a core idea of Just War Theory Correct!Correct! requires us to judge the conduct of a war independently of the character of the war requires us to imagine the rules of war as they would apply to a peaceful, civil society requires us to imagine that a war is like a bank robbery, and that the just warrior defending his country has rights the unjust warrior invading his country does not have none of the above The answer can be found between minutes 15:00-25:00 of the video “What is Just War Theory?” Question 17 In “War and Massacre,” Thomas Nagel argues that all rules of engagement should be governed by the principle that any means can be justified if it leads to a worthy end the greatest good can justify targeting anyone in principle achieving victory in war overrides any other consideration Correct!Correct! none of the above the answer can be found on p.127 of Thomas Nagel’s article “War and Massacre” Question 18 According to Immanuel Kant, the value of a good will lies in: how much it can contribute to society. how clever it is at finding the best means to its ends. the good feelings it produces in the person who has it. Correct!Correct! none of the above. The answer can be found in Kant’s Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals, pp. 5-6. Question 19 Nagel’s argument in “War and Massacre” that hostility or aggression should be directed at its true object means that which of the following would probably not be permissible? Torturing a prisoner to get the names of his confederates. Attacking an enemy country’s agricultural system. Bombing major cultural centers. Correct!Correct! All of the above. the answer can be found on p.135-137 of Thomas Nagel’s article “War and Massacre” Question 20 In the article “War and Massacre,” Thomas Nagel argues that utilitarianism is primarily concerned with what a person is doing is primarily concerned with absolute rules is primarily concerned with universal law Correct!Correct! is primary concerned with what will happen the answer can be found on p.124 of Thomas Nagel’s article “War and Massacre”