CNS Practice Exam 5 Latest Updates

CNS Practice Exam 5 Which of the following minerals is a trace mineral? chloride sulfur iron sodium - iron Trace minerals are those minerals needed at less than 100 mg a day. Iron is a trace mineral, along with others such as copper, manganese, chromium, and molybdenum. Manganese is least likely to be found in which of the following foods? whole grains nuts fruits liver - liver Manganese is found in whole grains, nuts, fruits, and tea. It is functional in bone formation and metabolic processes and is a component of enzymes. The hormone that causes the pancreas to release sodium bicarbonate is which of the following? secretin gastrin motilin all of the above - secretin Secretin is the hormone that causes the pancreas to release sodium bicarbonate. This neutralizes the acidity of the chyme in the process of digestion. Of the following major minerals which one is most likely to be found in eggs? potassium magnesium sulfur sodium - sulfur Sulfur is found in eggs, poultry, and fish. its function is the maintenance of the protein structure. It is necessary for building hair, nails, and all body tissues. The most abundant serum protein is which of the following? albumin transferrin IGF-1 fibronecten - albumin Albumin is the most familiar and abundant of the serum proteins, as well as the most readily available clinically. Serum albumin level has been shown to be an indicator of depleted protein status and decreased dietary protein intake. Which of the following is a factor that decreases iron absorption? vitamin C polyphenols in tea and coffee acid in the stomach meat protein factor - polyphenols in tea and coffee Polyphenols in tea and coffee decrease the absorption of iron. The other choices all increase iron absorption. Which of the following kidney stones is most likely to be treated with an increase in fluids and an alkaline-ash diet? cystine stones uric acid stones calcium oxalate stones struvite stones - cystine stones Cystine stones may form when the cystine concentration in the urine becomes excessive because of a hereditary metabolic disorder. The usual practice is to increase fluids and recommend an alkaline-ash diet. Which of the following BMI measurements indicates a healthy weight? 16.5 18.5 25.5 30 - 18.5 BMI measures weight in relation to height. A BMI from 18.5 to 25 refers to healthy weight. All tissue macrophages arise from which of the following? mast cells basophils neutrophils monocytes - monocytes All tissue macrophages arise from monocytes, which can be thought of as macrophage precursors. This is because additional differentiation and cell division takes place in the tissues. The transition from monocytes to macrophage is characterized by progressive cellular enlargement. Which of the following hormones is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland? thyroxine ACTH epinephrine glucagon - ACTH ACTH, adrenocorticotropic hormone, and GH, growth hormone, are secreted by the anterior pituitary. GH and ACTH raise the blood glucose level by acting as insulin antagonists, by increasing amino acid uptake, and by increasing the rate of protein conversion to glucose. These hormones influence protein and fat metabolism. Calcium makes up how much of the adult body weight? 5 - 7% 3 - 4% 1.5 - 2% 0.5% - 0.75% - 1.5 - 2% Calcium makes up from 1.5 - 2% of adult body weight. About 99% is found in bones and teeth. The remainder is found in body fluids, soft tissue, and blood. Which of the following reference ranges for adults is correct? fasting serum glucose: 60 to 115 mg/dL phosphorus: 5.0 to 7.5 mg/dL sodium: 150 to 200 mEq/L potassium: 5.0 to 10.5 mEq/L - fasting serum glucose: 60 to 115 mg/dL This reference range is correct. The reference range for phosphorus is 3.0 to 4.5 mg/dL; for sodium it is 135 to 145 mEq/L; and for potassium it is 3.5 to 5.0 mEq/L. Which of the following statements about the preparation of fruit is least accurate? Cooking fruit in sugar syrup destroys its shape and firmness. When heated in water without sugar, fruit releases its sugar and flavor, creating a fruit sauce. Cooking destroys microorganisms on fruits. Fruits may be poached by submerging in liquid and cooking at low temperature. - Cooking fruit in sugar syrup destroys its shape and firmness. This is the least accurate statement. Cooking fruit in sugar syrup preserves its shape and firmness Which of the following carbohydrates is a simple polymer of glucose that cannot be digested by the human digestive tract? sucrose glycogen cellulose dextrin - cellulose Cellulose is a simple polymer of glucose, the most abundant organic compound in nature. This long molecule provides structure. It cannot be digested by the human digestive tract. Best sources are bran, whole grains, and vegetables. Laboratory tests are often ordered in groups. These groups are called which of the following? boards sectionals panels all of the above - panels Groups of lab tests are called panels. The CMS uses the term basic metabolic panel to define the components of each test for reimbursement purposes. There are a number of different panels of tests. The proportion of flour to liquid in a very thin sauce should be which of the following? 2 tsp to 1 cup 2 tbsp to 1 cup 2 tsp to 1/2 cup 2 tbsp to 1/2 cup - 2 tsp to 1 cup The proportion of flour to liquid in a very thin sauce should be 2 tsp to 1 cup. The typical use for this is in soup with starchy vegetables. Which of the following types of wheat is used for cake flour? durum wheat soft summer wheat hard winter wheat none of the above - soft summer wheat Classification of flour may be according to color, season of planting, or texture. Soft summer wheat forms weak gluten and is used for cake flour. Hard winter wheat forms strong gluten and is used mainly for bread flour. Durum wheat is a very hard variety of wheat with high-protein content. It is used for pasta