HESI Dental Hygiene Exam question & answers 2023

Under which classification of gingival diseases and conditions is puberty-associated gingivitis found? - correct answer Plaque-Induced Gingival diseases modified by systemic factors A patient presents with a short, thick lingual frenum that results in limited tongue movement affecting speech. Which is the most likely diagnosis of this condition? - correct answer Ankyloglossia When is tooth eruption complete? - correct answer Tooth has made contact with its antagonists in opposing jaw When does mixed dentition begin? - correct answer Eruption of first permanent tooth How many succedaneous teeth are in permanent dentition? - correct answer 20 The junction of a buccal and lingual triangular ridge is a transverse ridge. The oblique ridge of a maxillary molar is an example of a transverse ridge. - correct answer The first statement is true and the second is false Which factor makes aging enamel less susceptible to caries? - correct answer reduced permeability Which groove is the most identifying characteristic of a three-cusp mandibular second premolar? - correct answer Distolingual Which is true regarding the height of contour? - correct answer Greatest elevation of tooth either incisocervically or occlusocervically How many primary and permanent teeth are typically present in an eight yr old child? - correct answer 14 primary; 10 permanent Which describes the junction of two surfaces of a crown? - correct answer line angle Which G.V. Black classification involves the proximal surfaces of anterior teeth including the incised edge or angle? - correct answer IV Which ridge is a unique characteristic of permanent maxillary molars? - correct answer Oblique Which division of the fifth cranial nerve innervates the temporomandibular joint? - correct answer Mandibular Facial paralysis can result from damage to the motor neurons of which cranial nerve? - correct answer VII Which is the target area for the inferior alveolar nerve block? - correct answer mandibular foramen on medial surface of mandible Which salivary gland is encapsulated? - correct answer Sublingual Which type of joint is the temporomandibular? - correct answer Synovial Which peripheral nervous system and subdivision are responsible for a shutdown of salivary gland secretion? - correct answer autonomic; sympathetic Destroyed enamel cannot reform since the cells that formed it no longer exist. Cavitated enamel can repair itself by the incorporation of calcium and phosphate ions from saliva? - correct answer First statement is true second statement is false Which bacterium is most important in causing the progression of carious lesions? - correct answer Aciduric Anaerobe bacteria - correct answer grow only in the absence of oxygen Which bacterial structure interferes with phagocytosis? - correct answer capsule Which bacteria grow best in refrigerated conditions? - correct answer Psychrophils Endotoxin is a virulence property of - correct answer gram-negative bacteria When comparing viruses to bacteria, viruses - correct answer enter host cells before they can multiply Which is treated with nystatin? - correct answer Candidiasis Which is detected in the blood within two months after successful immunization with the hepatitis B vaccine? - correct answer Anti-HBs Which hypersensitivity reaction is an allergy to the natural rubber latex in examination gloves? - correct answer I Which bacterial genus contains species that cause pneumatic fever, scarlet fever, and pharyngitis? - correct answer Streptococcus Each of the following is an antituberculin agent EXCEPT one. Which is the EXCEPTION? A. Ethambutol B. Isoniazid C. Nizoral D. Rifampin - correct answer C. Nizoral Which condition warrants antibiotic premedication? - correct answer Repaired congenital heart disease It is noted the medical history the patient has mitral valve prolapse, a stent, pneumatic heart disease, and a renal dialysis shunt. For which condition does the patient require antibiotic predication? - correct answer Renal dialysis shunt A patient's prescription has the abbreviation "qid" meaning? - correct answer take medication four times a day Which schedule of controlled substance is indicated when a prescription states "NO REFILLS" - correct answer schedule II controlled substance Which vitamin deficiency results from long-term recreational abuse of nitrous oxide? - correct answer Cobalamin (vitamin B-12) Each of the following is a calcium blocking agent EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? - correct answer Propranolol (adrenergic blocking agent which reduces high blood pressure) Which food is a good source of vitamin K? - correct answer Kale! ;milk is an excellent source of calcium; strawberries & sweet potatoes are rich in vitamin c Which medication is administered to manage an acute asthma attack? - correct answer Albuterol short acting bronchodilator results in an immediate response to an acute asthma attack Lipitor is a/an - correct answer statin (lowers cholesterol levels) Consuming foods high in retinol will help prevent night blindness because vitamin D helps absorb calcium. - correct answer Both the statement and reason are correct but not related. Consuming foods high in retinol will help prevent night blindness. Vitamin D DOES help absorb calcium. Which meal lacks an excellent source of vitamin C? - correct answer Steak, brown rice, and corn Although corn has some vitamin C, it is not an excellent source as provided from broccoli, strawberries, and cantaloupe Which element is found in proteins and not carbohydrates? - correct answer Iron Nitrogen is found in protein, but not carbohydrates. Iron is not an element found in either nutrient. Carbon and oxygen are found in carbohydrates and proteins. Some vitamin K requirements are met through the synthesis of - correct answer intestinal bacteria Which vitamin is associated with the deficiency beriberi? - correct answer Thiamin Which is primarily responsible for pharmacologic metabolism? - correct answer Liver Which procedure establishes the most definitive diagnosis for oral cancer? - correct answer Scalpel biopsy A 17 yr old presents for a third molar evaluation. The panoramic radiograph reveals the apical thirst of roots #1 & #2 have fused together. Which best defines this anomaly? - correct answer Concrescence Concrescence is the fusion of 2 individually developed teeth with cementum only. Gemination occurs when a single tooth bud forms tow joined teeth. A patient's intramural examination reveals a well-circumscribed, raised lesion along the lateral border of the tongue. The lesion is soft, deep purple and measures 2mm diameter. The patient believes it first appeared after accidentally biting the tongue. Which best defines the lesion? - correct answer Hemangioma Intraoral lesions may occur with each of the following condition EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? - correct answer Basal cell carcinoma Basal cell carcinoma is a skin tumor often found the face or lips, not the oral cavity. Which infectious disease is NOT caused by the coxsackievirus? - correct answer Verruca vulgaris Verruca vulgaris is an oral wart caused by the human papilloma virus (HPV) In which region does an early symptom of measles appear? - correct answer Buccal mucosa