Intro to Pharmacy Final Exam latest Updates

Intro to Pharmacy Final Exam Profession - A calling requiring specialized knowledge and often long and intense academic preparation Licensure - Permission granted by a competent authority to engage in a business or occupation or in an activity otherwise unlawful Covenant - A usually formal, solemn, and binding agreement Pharmacy: - "Pharmacy" is the art, practice, or profession of preparing, preserving, compounding, and dispensing medical drugs Compounding - The preparation and mixing of various ingredients to make a dosage form of a drug in accordance with a prescription Dispensing - Reviews, record keeping, drug product preparation and labeling, checking, and patient counseling when distributing prescription medications Evidence-Based Medicine - The use of therapies proven to be effective through sound research to guide the treatment of patients Personalized Medicine - The individualization of a patient's therapy based on his or her unique characteristics using genetic and other available information Bowl of Hygeia - A symbol of pharmacy from Greek Mythology Galenicals - Crude (impure) medicinal extractions, usually from plants Paracelsus - Conceptualization of a chemical philosophy of disease and its treatment Paul Ehrlich - Magic bullet, Father of Chemotherapy Apothecary - General medicinal/pharmacy practitioners dating back to 2600BC Pharmacopeia - Official listings of medicinal drugs with standards for their preparation and use (Eber's papyrus, Emperor Shennong's Materia Medica) Adulteration - To corrupt, debase, or make impure by the addition of a foreign or inferior substance or element; especially: to prepare for sale by replacing more valuable with less valuable or inert ingredients Doctor of Pharmacy (PharmD) - The professional degree required for pharmacist licensure in the United States (four years of professional traning, preceded by a minimum of two years of pre-professional study). This "PharmD" degree must meet the standards of the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education Unit Dose - Drug distribution systems which utilized single-unit packaging with label identification on each dose. These systems improve medication safety because the drug can be identified until administration to the patient and produce cost savings due to the ability to re-use returned doses. Unit does systems are routinely used in hospital and other health-system practices. I.V. Admixture - The sterile preparation of small volume intravenous fluids containing medications for patient administration. These medications are usually "piggy-backed" by administration through an existing i.v. fluid line Formulary - A listing of medications approved for use within an institution or covered by third-party payors. Hospitals typically appoint a Pharmacy & Therapeutics (P&T) Committee to select medications for formulary inclusion Health Maintenance Organization (HMO) - A type of health insurance plan that usually limits coverage to care form doctors who work for or contract with the HMO. It generally won't cover "out-of-network" care except in an emergency. An HMO may require you to live or work in its service area to be eligible for coverage. HMOs often provide integrated care and focus on prevention and wellness. Pharmaceutical Care - The responsible provision of drug therapy for the purpose of achieving outcomes that improve a patient's quality of life Pharmacy Practice Act - State-specific legislation concerning the regulation of the practice of pharmacy and related matters Board of Pharmacy - A governmental body empowered to regulate pharmaceutical practices including granting and disciplining licenses of individuals and companies Examples of Boards of Pharmacy - Licensure, Continuing Education, Rules, Disciplinary Hearings, Law Enforcement (PROTECTION OF THE PUBLIC!!!) NAPLEX - North American Pharmacist Licensure Examination --administered by the National Association of Boards of Pharmacy -- "measures a candidate's knowledge of the practice of pharmacy. It is just one component of the licensure process and is used by the boards of pharmacy as part of their assessment of a candidate's competence to practice as a pharmacist" MPJE - Multistate Pharmacy Jurisprudence Examination -- administered by the National Association of Boards of Pharmacy -- "combines federal and state specific questions to test the pharmacy jurisprudence knowledge of prospective pharmacists. It serves as the pharmacy law examination participating jurisdictions"