RDA State Board Exam-Infection control: Questions & Answers

A group of infection prevention practices that apply to all patients regardless of suspected or confirmed infection status, in any setting in which healthcare is delivered. These include; hand hygiene, use of gloves, gown, mask eye protection, or face shield depending on the anticipated exposure and the safe handling of sharps. (Ans- Standard Precautions Confer a high risk for infection if they are contaminated with any microorganism. These include all instruments, devices and other items used to penetrate soft tissue or bone. (Ans- Critical items Instruments, devices and other items that are not used to penetrate soft tissue or bone, but contact oral mucas membranes, non- intact skin or other potentially infectious materials (OPIM) (Ans- Semi-critical items Instruments, devices, equipment and surfaces that come in contact with soil, debris, saliva, blood, OPIM and intact skin, but not oral mucas membranes (Ans- NON-critical items Is the least effective disinfection process. It kills some bacteria, some viruses and fungi, but does not kill bacterial spores or mycobacterium tuberculosis var bovis, a laboratory test organism used to classify the strength of disinfectant materials. (Ans- Low-level disinfectant kills mycobacterium tuberculosis var bovis indicating that many human pathogens are also killed. This process does not necessarily kill spores. (Ans- Intermediate-level disinfectant kills some, but not necessarily all bacterial spores. This process kills mycobaterium tuberculosis var bovis, bacteria, fungi, and viruses. (Ans- High-level disinfectant is a chemical agent that can be used to disinfect items and surfaces based on the level of contamination. (Ans- Germicide is a validated process used to render a product free of all forms of viable microorganisms. (Ans- Sterilization is the removal of visable soil debris and OPIM from objects and surfaces and shall be accomplished manually or mechanically using water with detergents or enzymatic products. (Ans- Cleaning is specialized clothing or equipment worn or used for protection against a hazard. (Ans- PPE's (personal protective equipment) means any one of the following: human bodily fluids. any unfixed tissue or organ (other than intact skin) from a human living or dead. or any of the following if known or rerasoably known to contain or be infected with HIV, HEP B, OR HEP C:cell, tissue, or organ cultures from humans or experimental animalsa, blood organs, or other tissues from experimental animals, or culture medium or other solutions (Ans- Other Potentially Infectious Materials (OPIM) Are all paid and non-paid personnel in the dental healthcare might be occupationally exposed to infectious materials, including bodily substances and contaminated supplies, equipment, enviornmental surfaces, water, or air, includes all persons directly involved in patient care as well as those persons who are not involved directly.. (Ans- Dental Healthcare Personnel (DCHP) all DHCP shall comply with infection control precautions and enforce the following minimum precautions to protect patients and DCHP and to minimize the transmission of pathogens in health care settings: (Ans- Standard precautions shall be practiced in the care of all patients. A written protocol shall be developed and maintained and periodically updated for: (Ans- *instrument processing *opertory clenliness *management of injuries *protocol shall be made available to all DCHP at the dental well as having a copy of this regulation conspicuously posted in each dental office. Personal Protective equipment shall be worn by all DCHP whenever there is potential for aerosol spray, splashing or spattering of the following (Ans- Droplet nuclei, blood, chemical or germicidal agents or OPIM. Chemical-resistant utility gloves and appropriate task specific PPE shall be worn. (Ans- When handling hazardous chemicals: Masks shall be changed and disposed after: (Ans- each patient treatment. Face shields, and protective eyewear shall be cleaned, disinfected or disposed of: (Ans- after each patient treatment. Protective attaire shall be worn for, disinfection, sterilization, and housekeeping procedures involving the use or handling of: (Ans- germicides or contaminated items. Protective attire should be changed daily or between patients if they should become: (Ans- moist or visibly soiled. During patient care all PPE used shall be removed when? (Ans- leaving laboratories or areas of patient care activities. Reusable gowns shall be laundered in accordance with Cal/Osha Bloodborne Pathogen Standards. All DCHP shall wash their hands with soap and water at: (Ans- the start and end of each workday. Before treating each patient: (Ans- contaminated or visibly soiled hands are washed with soap, water and thoroughly dried and new gloves are put on.. Hands are washed immediately after gloves are removed. All DCHP who have exudative lesions or weeping dermatitis of the hand shall: (Ans- refrain from all direct patient care or handling equipment until the condition resolves. Needles shall be recapped only by using: (Ans- the scoop technique or a protective device. All germicides must be used in accordance with: (Ans- intended use and label instructions. Cleaning must precede any: (Ans- disinfection or sterilization process. Critical instruments, items and devices shall be: (Ans- discarded or pre-cleaned, packaged or wrapped and sterilized after each use. Methods of sterilization include: (Ans- *steam under pressure (autoclaving), chemical vapor, and dry heat. Heat sensitive "critical items" shall be processed at minimum with a: (Ans- high level disinfectant and packaged or wrapped upon completion of disinfection process. Non-critical surfaces and patient care items shall be cleaned and disinfected with a: (Ans- California Environmental Protection Agency registered hospital disinfectant (low-level disinfectant) labeled effective against, HBV, and HIV. When an item is visibly contaminated with blood or OPIM, a: (Ans- Cal/EPA-registered hospital intermediate-level disinfectant with a tuberculocidal claim shall be used.