AP European History Exam Review 2022,/ 2023. Graded A. Rated A

AP European History Exam Review 2022,/ 2023. Graded A. Rated A Document Content and Description Below AP European History Exam Review 2022 Diet of Worms held by Charles V against Martin Luther's preachings, decreed no one could read Luther's works Versailles King Louis XIV's palace duri ng French absolutism rule Florence center of the arts Amsterdam The port city of Holland, which was a part of the Holy Roman Empire. It became a center of trade later in the Age of Exploration because Holland was a center of banking. Holland was considered one of the "Low Countries" which were the prosperous western areas of the Holy Roman Empire. Vienna (1529) This city is how far Suleiman I got before being turned back in their invasion of Europe and also marked the end of the Ottoman expansion Tordesillas Treaty signed in Spain that divided newly conquered lands outside of Europe between Spain and Portugal Waterloo the battle on 18 June 1815 in which Napoleon met his final defeat, Located in Belgium, the place where the british army and the prussian army forces attacked the french. Napoleon's final defeat against the British and Prussians St. Petersburg Peter the Great modernized to become the "window to the west" Gustavus Adolphus Swedish Lutheran who won victories for the German Protestants in the Thirty Years War and lost his life in one of the battlesLeonardo da Vinci Italian painter and sculptor and engineer and scientist and architect Magellan Spanish, first explorer to circumnavigate the globe Martin Luther Protestant Reformation leader, wrote the 95 Theses Bishop Bossuet Louis XIV's tutor, defended divine right of King James I first Stuart king of England Rousseau French philosopher from who believed that people are naturally good, but are corrupted by society Copernicus Heliocentric theory Voltaire French, perhaps greatest Enlightenment thinker. Deist. Mixed glorification and reason with an appeal for better individuals and institutions. Wrote Candide. Believed enlightened despot best form of government. Mercantilism the theory that a country should sell more goods to other countries than it buys Heliocentrism The belief that the sun was the center of the solar system and that the earth rotated around it Secularism a doctrine that rejects religion and religious considerations Divine Right belief that a ruler's authority comes directly from god.Enlightened Despotism system of government in which absolute monarchs ruled according to the principles of the Enlightenment Social Contract agreement among all the people in a society to give up part of their freedom to a government in exchange for protection of natural rights. John Locke and Jean-Jacques Rousseau were two European political philosophers who wrote about this concept. Natural Law the concept that there is a universal order built into nature that can guide moral thinking Laissez Faire the doctrine that government should not interfere in commercial affairs Liberty, Equality, Fraternite national motto of France Weber Thesis the Protestant Work Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism The Courtier Baldassare Castiglione/qualities of a perfect courtier The Social Contract John Jacques Rousseau/citizens give up rights to get rights The Prince Machiavelli/qualities of an effective prince The Wealth of Nations written by Adam Smith, promoted laissez-faire, free-market economy, and supply-and-demand economics Against the Murderous and Thieving Peasants Martin Luther In Praise of Folly ErasmusUtopia Sir Thomas Moore Essay on the Principle of Population Thomas Malthus/based on 2 claims: (1) people need food to survive (2) people have a natural desire ro teproduce. Two Treatises on Government John Locke/said human nature lived free and had the natural rights of life, liberty, and property. Leviathan Written by English philosopher Thomas Hobbes, maintained that sovereignty is ultimately derived from the people, who transfer it to the monarchy by implicit contract. Candide Voltaire/satirizing society and organized religion in Europe Thirty Nine Articles defined the rules of the Anglican Church and followed Protestant doctrine but still accomodated for other English, except the Puritans. "Here I stand" Martin Luther "I am the State" King Louis XIV "But it does move" Galileo Galilei "The Holy Roman Empire is neither holy, nor Roman, nor an Empire." Voltaire "A Prince needs only to conquer to maintain his position. The means he has used will be praised by everybody." Niccolo Machiavelli "...the state of nature had a law of nature to govern it, which obliges everyone, and reason, which is that law ... not to harm another in life, liberty, and property." John Locke"...to destroy the island of shopkeepers." Napoleon Bonaparte Charles V Holy Roman Emperor Richelieu architect of French absolutism who was prominent church official, served as chief minister to King Lo