Advanced Pathophysiology Week 3 Quiz- Version 3

Advanced Pathophysiology Week 3 Quiz- Version 3 Question 1 0 / 2 pts Clinical manifestations of mild to moderate splenomegaly and hepatomegaly, bronze-colored skin, and cardiac dysrhythmias are indicative of which anemia? Correct Answer    Sideroblastic    Pernicious You Answered    Iron deficiency    Aplastic Mild to moderate enlargement of the spleen (splenomegaly) and liver (hepatomegaly) occurs. Occasionally, abnormal skin pigmentation (bronze colored) is seen. Heart rhythm disturbances, along with congestive heart failure, are major life-threatening complications related to cardiac iron overload.   Question 2 2 / 2 pts What is the pathophysiologic process of aplastic anemia?   Inherited genetic disorder with recessive X-linked transmission   Autoimmune disease against hematopoiesis by activated immunoglobulins   Malignancy of the bone marrow in which unregulated proliferation of erythrocytes crowd out other blood cells Correct!   Autoimmune disease against hematopoiesis by activated cytotoxic T cells Most cases of AA result from an autoimmune disease directed against hematopoietic stem cells. Cytotoxic T cells (Tc cells) appear to be the main culprits.   Question 3 2 / 2 pts Which anemia produces small, pale erythrocytes?    Hemolytic    Folic acid    Pernicious Correct!    Iron deficiency The microcytic-hypochromic anemias, which include iron deficiency anemia (IDA), are characterized by erythrocytes that are abnormally small and contain abnormally reduced amounts of hemoglobin.   Question 4 2 / 2 pts Symptoms of polycythemia vera are mainly the result of    destruction of erythrocytes.    a decreased erythrocyte count.    neurologic involvement. Correct!    increased blood viscosity. As the disease progresses many of the symptoms are related to the increased blood cellularity and viscosity.   Question 5 2 / 2 pts A woman complains of chronic gastritis, fatigue, weight loss, and tingling in her fingers. Laboratory findings show low hemoglobin and hematocrit levels, and a high mean corpuscular volume. These findings are consistent with _____ anemia.    folate deficiency     iron deficiency     aplastic  Correct!    pernicious  Gastric atrophy commonly occurs in the presence of type A chronic gastritis and may be autoimmune. Autoantibodies against gastric parietal cells are frequently observed. When the hemoglobin level in the blood has decreased significantly (7 to 8 g/dl), the individual experiences the classic symptoms of anemia—weakness, fatigue, paresthesias of the feet and fingers, difficulty in walking, loss of appetite, abdominal pains, and weight loss.   Question 6 0 / 2 pts The body compensates for anemia by    capillary vasoconstriction.    hemoglobin holds on to oxygen more firmly. Correct Answer    increasing rate and depth of breathing. You Answered    kidneys release more erythropoietin. Tissue hypoxia creates additional demands and compensatory actions on the pulmonary and hematologic systems. The rate and depth of breathing increase in an attempt to increase the availability of oxygen.   Question 7 0 / 2 pts Which of the following is a description consistent with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)?   The bone marrow and peripheral blood are characterized by leukocytosis and a predominance of blast cells. As the immature blasts increase, they replace normal myelocytic cells, megakaryocytes, and erythrocytes. You Answered   There is failure of B cells to mature into plasma cells that synthesize immunoglobulins. Correct Answer   It is a progressive neoplasm defined by the presence of greater than 30% lymphoblasts in the bone marrow or blood.   The translocation of genetic material from genes 9 and 22 create an abnormal, fused gene identified as BCR-ABL. ALL is a progressive neoplasm defined by the presence of greater than 30% lymphoblasts in the bone marrow or blood.   Question 8 2 / 2 pts Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is described as a(n)   hematologic reaction to heparin in which the bone marrow is unable to produce sufficient platelets to meet the body’s needs.   cell-mediated drug reaction in which macrophages process the heparin and platelet complexes that are then destroyed by activated cytotoxic T cells.   IgE-mediated allergic drug reaction that reduces circulating platelets. Correct!   IgG immune-mediated adverse drug reaction that reduces circulating platelets. Heparin is a common cause of drug-induced thrombocytopenia. HIT is an immune-mediated, adverse drug reaction caused by IgG antibodies that leads to increased platelet consumption and a decrease in platelet counts.