Carbohydrates
most carbs polymers
Polymers largecomplexmolecules
made of long chains
ofmonomers
monomers Small basic molecular units
eg monosaccharides amino acids nucleotides
monomers of carbohydrates
All carbs C H 0
Corb monomers monosaccharides eg glucose fructose galactose
Glucose hexose
alpha G Jets p
l
isomers
x glucose B glucose
i t
HzOH CHOH
O H c 0 OH
H
14
OH H
C Il
c H c
OH I I
Elton Tc Il H
H OH OH I 1
H OH
condensation reactions join monomers ie join monosaccharides
joins two monomers
by forming new bond and releasingwater
glycosidic bond
2 monosaccharides disaccharide
, E glycosidicbond
n x n n x x no
maltose
2 x glucose maltose
glucose t fructose sucrose
glucose galactose lactose
Hydrolysis
oppositeof condensation breaks monomers 2pm using water
o t
H 01h Ho OH t Ho OH
polymer water monomer monomer
Benedicrs test for sugars
Allsugars reducing or non reducing
1
211Monosaccharides
some disaccharides
excess of
Add Benedict's reagents blue to sample and heat in boring woner born
If positive2 coloured precipitate will be formed
blue green yellow orange brick heel
A conc ofreducing sugars further colour change can compare
amount in different solutions more accurate filter t weighprec
most carbs polymers
Polymers largecomplexmolecules
made of long chains
ofmonomers
monomers Small basic molecular units
eg monosaccharides amino acids nucleotides
monomers of carbohydrates
All carbs C H 0
Corb monomers monosaccharides eg glucose fructose galactose
Glucose hexose
alpha G Jets p
l
isomers
x glucose B glucose
i t
HzOH CHOH
O H c 0 OH
H
14
OH H
C Il
c H c
OH I I
Elton Tc Il H
H OH OH I 1
H OH
condensation reactions join monomers ie join monosaccharides
joins two monomers
by forming new bond and releasingwater
glycosidic bond
2 monosaccharides disaccharide
, E glycosidicbond
n x n n x x no
maltose
2 x glucose maltose
glucose t fructose sucrose
glucose galactose lactose
Hydrolysis
oppositeof condensation breaks monomers 2pm using water
o t
H 01h Ho OH t Ho OH
polymer water monomer monomer
Benedicrs test for sugars
Allsugars reducing or non reducing
1
211Monosaccharides
some disaccharides
excess of
Add Benedict's reagents blue to sample and heat in boring woner born
If positive2 coloured precipitate will be formed
blue green yellow orange brick heel
A conc ofreducing sugars further colour change can compare
amount in different solutions more accurate filter t weighprec
