Clinical Annual Competency Exam Study Guide- Fresenius (Fresenius annual competency study guide), Answered

Clinical Annual Competency Exam Study Guide- Fresenius (Fresenius annual competency study guide), Answered-Bicarbonate (HCO3) is - a buffer that helps maintain a constant pH in a solution even if an acid or base is added Symptoms of fluid overload - Edema/pitting edema, productive cough, SOB, increased BP, bounding pulse, neck vein distention, cyanosis,, anxiety, restlessness, confusion Osmosis is - The movement of fluid through a semi-permeable membrane from an area of lesser solute concentration to an area of greater solute concentration until equilibrium is reached Symptoms of dehydration are - Thirst, dry mucous membranes, sunken eyes, poor skin turgor, low grade temp, decreased urine output, dry skin, weakness, cramping, low bp, and lethargy Dialysate is composed of - Purified water, acid solutions, and bicarbonate What position should the dialyzer should be in during circulation? - The dialyzer is circulated with the venous end straight up. When dialyzing a patient, what position should the dialyzer be in during dialysis? - During dialysis, the dialyzer should be arterial end up What three processes occur in the dialyzer simultaneously? - Diffusion, osmosis, and ultrafiltration are the three processes that occur as blood passes the semi-permeable membrane What direction does the blood flow through the dialyzer as compared to dialysate flow? - Blood and dialysate flow in a countercurrent flow, as blood flows down into the dialyzer (arterial to venous)dialysate flows up (venous to arterial)Opposite flow allows better clearance