ANTHROPOLOGY 1150 Guelph questions and answers 100% correct

ANTHROPOLOGY 1150 Guelph questions and answers 100% correct anthropology the study of people, incorporates a comparative approach anthropology follows two tenants; holism, cultural relativism Anthropology employs emic, and etic approaches Holism a concept that considers the whole person; the whole person has physical, social, psychological, and spiritual parts that are woven together and cannot be separated cultural relativism the practice of judging a culture by its own standards emic approach anthropological research approach to studying behaviors from within a culture etic approach involves studying behavior from outside the culture and examining similarities and differences across cultures Biological Anthropology the study of humans as biological organisms, including evolution and contemporary variation Archeological Anthropology focuses on the study of prehistoric, pre-contact, and historic cultures through material remains Linguistic Anthropology The study of human language in the past and present. Sociocultural Anthropology study of human society and culture Applied Anthropology The use of anthropological knowledge and methods to solve practical problems, often for a specific client. Medical Anthropology the specialty of anthropology that concerns itself with human health- the factors that contribute to disease or illness and the ways that human populations deal with disease or illness Culture the enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values, and traditions shared by a group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next Ethnocentrism Belief in the superiority of one's nation or ethnic group. cultural universals basic physiological needs of its people are met, food, water protection from elements cultural universals patterned systems of marriage and family cultural universals an explanation that explains the unexplainable (many include super natural beliefs) holistic perspective A fundamental principle of anthropology: The various parts of human culture and biology must be viewed in the broadest possible context in order to understand their interconnections and interdependence. Relativistic Perspective/Cultural Relativism no culture is inferior or superior to other cultures naturalistic perspective The belief that only natural laws and forces operate in the world as apposed to a supernatural force. Bio-cultural perspective combining biological and cultural approaches to a given problem Reflexive Perspective recognition of anthropology's bias as well as the influence of the anthropologists own personal situation and experiences in the production of anthropological knowledge Functionalism theory that social institutions are are integrated and function to maintain or satisfy the biological needs of the individual Structural Functionalism a school of cultural anthropology that examines how parts of a culture function for the well being of the society French Structuralism a theoretical orientation holding that cultures are the product of unconscious processes of the human mind Cultural Materialism theory that culture systems are most influenced by such material things as natural resources, technology and human biology political economy a perspective that, at its core examines the abstract issues of conflict and power interpretive anthropology theory that culture is web of symbols and meaning and the job of anthropology is to interpret those meanings Feminist Anthropology theory that seeks to describe and explain cultural life from the perspective of a woman femininity definition of femaleness- varies from culture to culture feminization of poverty woman make up the largest proportion of the worlds poor Post Modernism anthropology a school of anthropology that advocates the switch from cultural generalization and laws to description, interpretation and the search for meaning French Structuralism human cultures are shaped by certain preprogrammed codes in the human mind symbolic anthropology a school in anthropology that views the goal of anthropology as the interpretation of symbols Victor Turner British cultural anthropologist best known for his work on symbols, rituals and rites of passage. symbols mobilize groups Mary Douglas believes symbols help to control society and structure society political economy tries to explain the relationship between economic production and political process when there is hierarchal social order Applied Anthropology the application of anthropological data, perspectives, theory, and methods to identify, assess, and solve contemporary social problems public anthropology making the findings of anthropology available to a wider audience Sociolinguistics the study of the relationship between language and society genderlects varieties of speech associated with particular genders Uptalk a manner of speaking in which declarative sentences are uttered with rising intonation at the end, as if they were questions. used by woman twice as often as men backchanells minimal responses to a speaker used to carry on a conversation or to show agreement. used more often by woman modes of subsistence the social relationships and practices necessary for procuring, producing, and distributing food Globalization process of foraging international, political, economic, religious, and socio-cultural interconnections and interdependencies Neoliberalism A strategy for economic development that calls for free markets, balanced budgets, privatization, free trade, and minimal government intervention in the economy. generalized reciprocity the practice of giving a gift without expecting a gift in return; creates a moral obligation