ATI Pharmacology - Post-Assessment Assignment, Answered
Identify three (3) adverse effects for the antibiotic imipenem/cilastatin. -
Allergy/hypersensitivityCross sensitivity to penicillin or cephalosporinsNausea,
vomiting, diarrheaSuprainfection(Pharmacology RM Chapter 38)
The nurse is reviewing the client's medication record and notices she has recently
been prescribed nitrofurantoin. The nurse knows that the medication is prescribed for
which of the following reason?
Allergy symptoms
Recurrent urinary tract infections
Skin infections
Nausea and vomiting
- Nitrofurantoin is a broad spectrum urinary antiseptic used to treat acute UTI's and a
prophylaxis for recurrent lower UTI's. It is not used for the other conditions.
(Pharmacology RM Chapter 40)
The nurse is caring for a client with pneumonia who has guaifenesin prescribed. The
client asks the nurse "what is the syrup for." How will the nurse respond to
reinforcing teaching points regarding this medication therapy?
- Reinforcing Teaching of Medication Therapy: Guaifenesin (Mucinex) will not
suppress your cough. Guaifenesin promotes increased cough production through
increasing mucous secretion. These actions allow clients to decrease chest
congestion by coughing out secretions. Although guaifenesin is available as an
expectorant alone, it most often is combined with antitussives (either opioid or
nonopioid), or a decongestant for treating symptoms of colds, allergic or nonallergic
rhinitis, or for cough caused by lower respiratory disorders.(Pharmacology RM
Chapter 17)
A client is being discharged with a new prescription of zolpidem. The nurse
reinforces which of the following teaching points about zolpidem with the
client?Should be taken on a full stomach to prevent GI upsetShould be taken at least
one hour before bed to allow time for the medication to work Should be increased as
needed to ensure proper rest Should be avoided when driving is required due to
daytime drowsiness
- This medication can cause daytime drowsiness.Activities requiring alertness
should be avoided until response to medication is known. Ambien should be taken
on an empty stomach for rapid absorption; should be taken immediately before bed
, since it has a rapid onset and it should be taken as directed without increasing due to
habit forming potential.(Pharmacology RM Chapter 15)
A client is prescribed digoxin in the management of heart failure. List three (3)
clinical manifestations of digoxin toxicity?
- Toxicity of Digoxin:Fatigue and weaknessNausea and vomitingAbdominal
painVision changes such as diplopia, blurred vision, yellow-green or white halos
around objectDysrhythmiasMaintain therapeutic serum digoxin levels between 0.5 to
2.0 ng/mL to prevent digoxin toxicity.(Pharmacology RM Chapter 20)
A client is receiving heparin by IV infusion. What laboratory values should the nurse
monitor?
- When a client is on heparin by IV infusing the nurse should monitor the client's
platelet count due to the risk for developing heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and
the aPTT to monitor the therapeutic value which is 1.5-2 times the baseline. If aPTT
is extremely elevated the antidote is protamine.(Pharmacology RM Chapter 22)
The client is asking questions about the adverse effects of the medication cephalexin.
What should the nurse reinforce pertaining to adverse effects?
- If indications of rash, hypotension, and or dyspnea stop the medication and call the
provider.Observe for signs of bleeding. If occur call the providerObserve for
diarrhea. If occurs call the provider(Pharmacology RM Chapter 38)
What would be important information for the nurse to reinforce on the drug
amitriptyline?
- Advise the client to take the medication as prescribed and to avoid abrupt
discontinuation of treatment to prevent withdrawal manifestations.(Pharmacology
RM Chapter 32)
Identify five (5) adjuvant medications that can be used to treat neuropathic pain.
- Adjuvant medications work with primary pain medication to target pain stimuli
with different approaches to improve pain relief. Some examples of adjuvant pain
medications include: Tricyclic antidepressants (Amitriptyline, Imipramine);
Anticonvulsants (Carbamazepine, gabapentin, pregabalin); CNS stimulants
(Methylphenidate, Dextroamphetamine); Antihistamines (Hydroxyzine);
Glucocorticoids (Dexamethasone, Prednisone); Bisphosphonates (Etidronate,
Pamidronate); NSAIDs (Ibuprofen, Naproxen sodium, Ketorolac).
Identify three (3) adverse effects for the antibiotic imipenem/cilastatin. -
Allergy/hypersensitivityCross sensitivity to penicillin or cephalosporinsNausea,
vomiting, diarrheaSuprainfection(Pharmacology RM Chapter 38)
The nurse is reviewing the client's medication record and notices she has recently
been prescribed nitrofurantoin. The nurse knows that the medication is prescribed for
which of the following reason?
Allergy symptoms
Recurrent urinary tract infections
Skin infections
Nausea and vomiting
- Nitrofurantoin is a broad spectrum urinary antiseptic used to treat acute UTI's and a
prophylaxis for recurrent lower UTI's. It is not used for the other conditions.
(Pharmacology RM Chapter 40)
The nurse is caring for a client with pneumonia who has guaifenesin prescribed. The
client asks the nurse "what is the syrup for." How will the nurse respond to
reinforcing teaching points regarding this medication therapy?
- Reinforcing Teaching of Medication Therapy: Guaifenesin (Mucinex) will not
suppress your cough. Guaifenesin promotes increased cough production through
increasing mucous secretion. These actions allow clients to decrease chest
congestion by coughing out secretions. Although guaifenesin is available as an
expectorant alone, it most often is combined with antitussives (either opioid or
nonopioid), or a decongestant for treating symptoms of colds, allergic or nonallergic
rhinitis, or for cough caused by lower respiratory disorders.(Pharmacology RM
Chapter 17)
A client is being discharged with a new prescription of zolpidem. The nurse
reinforces which of the following teaching points about zolpidem with the
client?Should be taken on a full stomach to prevent GI upsetShould be taken at least
one hour before bed to allow time for the medication to work Should be increased as
needed to ensure proper rest Should be avoided when driving is required due to
daytime drowsiness
- This medication can cause daytime drowsiness.Activities requiring alertness
should be avoided until response to medication is known. Ambien should be taken
on an empty stomach for rapid absorption; should be taken immediately before bed
, since it has a rapid onset and it should be taken as directed without increasing due to
habit forming potential.(Pharmacology RM Chapter 15)
A client is prescribed digoxin in the management of heart failure. List three (3)
clinical manifestations of digoxin toxicity?
- Toxicity of Digoxin:Fatigue and weaknessNausea and vomitingAbdominal
painVision changes such as diplopia, blurred vision, yellow-green or white halos
around objectDysrhythmiasMaintain therapeutic serum digoxin levels between 0.5 to
2.0 ng/mL to prevent digoxin toxicity.(Pharmacology RM Chapter 20)
A client is receiving heparin by IV infusion. What laboratory values should the nurse
monitor?
- When a client is on heparin by IV infusing the nurse should monitor the client's
platelet count due to the risk for developing heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and
the aPTT to monitor the therapeutic value which is 1.5-2 times the baseline. If aPTT
is extremely elevated the antidote is protamine.(Pharmacology RM Chapter 22)
The client is asking questions about the adverse effects of the medication cephalexin.
What should the nurse reinforce pertaining to adverse effects?
- If indications of rash, hypotension, and or dyspnea stop the medication and call the
provider.Observe for signs of bleeding. If occur call the providerObserve for
diarrhea. If occurs call the provider(Pharmacology RM Chapter 38)
What would be important information for the nurse to reinforce on the drug
amitriptyline?
- Advise the client to take the medication as prescribed and to avoid abrupt
discontinuation of treatment to prevent withdrawal manifestations.(Pharmacology
RM Chapter 32)
Identify five (5) adjuvant medications that can be used to treat neuropathic pain.
- Adjuvant medications work with primary pain medication to target pain stimuli
with different approaches to improve pain relief. Some examples of adjuvant pain
medications include: Tricyclic antidepressants (Amitriptyline, Imipramine);
Anticonvulsants (Carbamazepine, gabapentin, pregabalin); CNS stimulants
(Methylphenidate, Dextroamphetamine); Antihistamines (Hydroxyzine);
Glucocorticoids (Dexamethasone, Prednisone); Bisphosphonates (Etidronate,
Pamidronate); NSAIDs (Ibuprofen, Naproxen sodium, Ketorolac).
