Dental Hygiene OSCE Exam Questions and Answers (Graded A)

Normal Blood Pressure - Answer- less than 120/80 Elevated Blood Pressure - Answer- 120-129/<80 Stage 1 Hypertension - Answer- 130-139/80-89 Stage 11 Hypertension - Answer- 140+/90+ Hypertensive Crisis - Answer- 180+/120+ Normal HbA1c - Answer- Lower than 5.7% (4%-5.6%) Hyperglycemia - Answer- Blood sugar higher than 130 mg/dl fasting or higher than 180 mg/dl after a meal. Hypoglycemia - Answer- Blood sugar lower than 70 mg/dl What is insulin shock? - Answer- Extreme hypoglycemia What appointment modification can be made for diabetics? - Answer- Schedule AM appointments after the patient has had a meal. What are signs of hypoglycemia? - Answer- Mild-moderate: dizziness, moodiness, headaches, hunger, shakiness, sweating, confusion, rapid heartbeat. Extreme: fainting, unconsciousness, seizures, coma. Caused by skipping meals, use of insulin or diabetes medication, unusual physical activity, or excessive alcohol consumption. Management of hypoglycemia - Answer- Glucose tablet, juice, candy or food with sugar. What are signs of hyperglycemia? - Answer- Nausea, confusion, thirst, shortness of breath, fruity (ketone) breath, fatigue, frequent urination. Management of hyperglycemia - Answer- Remind patient to take medication What is a normal body temperature? - Answer- Adult: 97-99 degrees (ideal is 98.6 degrees) What is a normal pulse rate? - Answer- Adult: 60-100 BPM Child: 80-100 BPM Infant: 100-160 BPM *Taken at lateral or ventral aspect of the wrist or brachial Avery (depression at the bend/antecubital fossa) at the elbow Normal Respiration Rates - Answer- Adults: 12-20 BPM Child: 18-22 BPM *Allow patient to rest 5 minutes before recording What is Bradypnea? - Answer- Slow respiratory rate What is Tachypnea? - Answer- Rapid respiratory rate. What is Oraquix? - Answer- An Amide made of Lidocaine & Prilocaine. Applied in the sulcus and takes approx 30 second to take effect. 15-20 Duration. Maximum of 5 carpules. Basic Life Support - Answer- Always check vitals before emergency call -No Response: call emergency and get AED -No Breath: tilt head, 10-12 rescue breaths per min. -No Pulse: Compressions+breaths. 100-120 compressions per minute 2 inches deep. Mild Allergy Management - Answer- -Administer Benadryl (aka diphenhydramine-antibistanine) -Keep supine -Oxygen as needed Anaphylaxis Management - Answer- -Epinephrine: .2-.5 for adults, .01 for kids 2-3 times as needed @ 10-15 minute intervals -Call emergency is recovery isn't quick -Supplemental oxygen What are signs of an allergic reaction? - Answer- Hives, hypotension/dilated blood vessels, swelling, and shock in severe cases. What drugs cause prolonged gingival bleeding? - Answer- Warfarin, Plavix, Coumadin, Clopidogrel, NSAIDS What is COPD? - Answer- A lung disease that blocks airflow. Patients may have candidiasis & xerostomia from inhaler (recommended that they rinse with water after use). Contraindications: Ultrasonic or air polishers. No nitrous. Do not sit supine (pt may need oxygen supplement). What are 3 common drugs that cause gingival enlargement? - Answer- -Cyclosporine (sandimmune-anti organ rejection) -Calcium Channel Blockers including Nifedipine-procardia or Amlodipine (anti-hypertensives) -Phenytoin or Dilantin (anti-seizure) What are the most common Asthma drugs? - Answer- -Albuterol (inhaled corticosteroids) -Singulair (leyukotrine modifier) -Prednisone (systemic corticosteroids) -Mast cell stabilizers (Intal) What is Asthma? - Answer- A chronic respiratory disease that causes constricting of the airway due to inflammation and muscular contraction of the bronchioles, and production of extra mucous. Also called Reactive Airway Disease Management of Asthma - Answer- -Place patient in a seated position -give inhaler -Oxygen given in acute conditions What are the most common pre-med antibiotics & doses? - Answer- *Amoxicillin 2g is most common -Clydamycin 600 mg is given if there is an allergy to penicillin. -Azithromycin 500 mg -Clarithromycin 500 mg What conditions DO NOT require premeds? - Answer- -Valvle prolapse w/NO regurgitation -Rheumatic heart disease w/NO dysfunction -Bicuspid valve disease -Calcified aortic stenosis -Congenital heart conditions -pacemaker (older than 6 months) What conditions require premedication? - Answer- -Cardiac Transplant -Unrepaired cyanotic congenital heart disease (conduit & palliative shunts) -Defects with prosthetics (only for the 1st 6 months) -Partial unrepaired defects -Artificial heart valves -History of endocarditis Common drugs for Diabetes - Answer- Biquanide Xerostomia Drugs - Answer- -Anti-histamines (Benadryl) -Anti-Depressants (Prozac, Fluoxetine) -Anti-Psychotic (Clozapine-Cloxaril) -Anti-Anxiety (diazepam-Valium) -Anti-Emetric (Alka Seltzer) -Anti-Parkinsons (Levodopa) -Anti-Allergic (Loratadine-Clariton) -Anti-Hypertensive (Hydrochlorothiazide) -Anti-Cholinergic DOES NOT CAUSE XEROSTOMIA: Antitussives Anti Hypertensive - Answer- -olol: Beta Blocker (dd) -pine: Calcium channel blocker (CAL PINES) -ide: Diuretic (ide='die'/diuretic) -pril: Ace inhibitor ('April') -tan: ARB (like 'tan arm'...tan=arb) ASA Classifications - Answer- Class 1-Healthy Class 2-Mild systemic disease (including pregnancy, obesity, smoking, or allergies) Class 3-Severe systemic disease (chronic heart failure, COPD, uncontrolled hypertension, stable angina, congestive heart failure) Class 4-Systemic disease that is a constant threat to life Class 5-Patient not likely to survive 24 hours Class 6-Dead Millers Classification Mobility - Answer- Class 1: <1mm horizontal movement Class 11: 1-2mm movement Class 111: >2mm and/or presence of vertical depression. *Fremitus=palpable or visible movement while in function. GV Black Classification of Caries - Answer- Class 1