Arterial Blood Gases (ABG's)fully solved 2023

Arterial Blood Gases (ABG's)fully solved 2023What is an ABG? - correct answer a measurement of the partial pressure of O2, CO2, pH, and HCO3 in arterial blood Who normally draws this bloodwork? Where is it drawn from? - correct answer Respiratory therapists draw for this profile most commonly from the radial, brachial, and femoral arteries. What is acidosis? - correct answer It is characterized by an abundance of H+ ions in the arterial blood, with a pH of less than 7.35. What are the acids? - correct answer H+, CO2, and H2CO3 (carbonic acid) How are acids produced? - correct answer They are produced during metabolic processes. How are acids excreted from the body? - correct answer Some exit via the lungs; others are buffered and excreted via kidneys. What is alkalosis? - correct answer It is characterized by a decrease of H+ ions in the arterial blood, with a pH of more than 7.45. What are the bases? - correct answer HCO3 (bicarbonate) What is a buffer? - correct answer A chemical substance that reduces changes in systemic pH by either releasing or binding H+ ions. It is considered to be a moment by moment regulation. Why is CO2 considered a "potential acid"? - correct answer Because it forms carbonic acid when combined with H2O. What are compensatory mechanisms? - correct answer Mechanisms that try to prevent large changes in pH and/or attempt to correct alterations in acid-base balance; compensatory mechanisms ALWAYS alter the pH towards a normal level. Give 2 examples of compensatory mechanisms. - correct answer Lungs and Kidneys What is partial pressure? - correct answer Pressure exerted by a single gas. What is the goal in the regulation of pH? - correct answer To maintain or restore body pH to a normal level - either through buffers or compensatory mechanisms. What are some examples of buffers? - correct answer proteins, carbonic acid - bicarbonate, phosphate How do the lungs function as a compensatory mechanism? - correct answer By expiration, in which CO2 is eliminated from the body, thereby reducing the amount of acids. (note that the lungs cannot eliminate H+ ions) How is additional expiration from the lungs initiated? What is the timeframe involved? - correct answer Through chemoreceptors in the brain. It occurs within 1-3 minutes of detected imbalance, and lasts 12-24 hours. How do the kidneys function as a compensatory mechanism? - correct answer In alkalosis : they excrete HCO3 In acidosis : they excrete H+ in addition to increasing production and retention of HCO3 What is the timeframe involved in kidney compensation? - correct answer It begins to work within approximately 24 hours and continues until pH is WNL What is the normal range for pH? - correct answer 7.35 - 7.45 What are the normal limits for PCO2? - correct answer 35 - 45 mmHg What are the normal limits for HCO3? - correct answer 22 - 26 mEq/L What is the normal range for PO2? - correct answer 80-100 mmHg What does a low PO2 indicate and what is the potential (respiratory) result? - correct answer A low PO2 indicated hypoxia and can result in hyperventilation. ABG Interpretation : What does the relationship between pH and PCO2 indicate? - correct answer A respiratory problem