Nervous System Case Study Questions and Answers,100% CORRECT

Nervous System Case Study Questions and Answers Which of the following is NOT a part of the central nervous system? a. Brain b. Spinal Cord c. Heart d. Neural Tissue c. Heart True or False: A motor signal sent from the brain to effector tissue is also called an afferent signal. False Spinal cord injuries can result from an injury to which of the following? a. Vertebrae b. Vertebral ligaments c. Vertebral discs d. All of the above d. All of the above Which of the following scans/tests would probably NOT be used to diagnose a spinal cord injury? a. DEXA scan b. MRI c. X-ray d. CT scan a. DEXA scan Which of the following is NOT an immediate treatment consideration after a spinal cord injury? a. Immobilizing the neck and spine b. Minimizing muscle spasticity c. Preventing shock d. Maintaining breathing b. Minimizing muscle spasticity Which of the following is NOT a symptom of spinal cord injury? a. Under-exaggerated reflexes b. Loss of urinary control c. Sexual dysfunction d. Difficulty breathing a. Under-exaggerated reflexes Which is the most common cause of spinal cord injury? a. Fall from great height b. Acts of violence (e.g. gunshot or stab wound) c. Sporting accident d. Motor vehicle accident d. Motor vehicle accident Diazepam is most commonly administered in what form? a. Oral b. Intravenous c. Intra-articular d. Intramuscular a. Oral Which of the following is NOT a special concern when treating a patient with SCI? a. They are at risk of pressure ulcers. b. Weight loss and muscle atrophy are common soon after a spinal cord injury c. Spasticity and flaccidity both are common side effects of spinal cord injury. d. Trouble with speaking and understanding d. Trouble with speaking and understanding A spinal cord injury in which spinal region typically allows the patient to still walk, but often with the help of braces or other supportive devices? a. Cervical b. Thoracic c. Lumbar d. Sacral c. Lumbar Which of the following is NOT a red flag for a physical therapist to refer a patient to another healthcare provider after suspecting a spinal cord injury? a. Loss of sensation, particularly in toes and fingers b. Loss of bladder or bowel control c. Extreme tenderness in posterior hip region d. All the above are red flags c. Extreme tenderness in posterior hip region If a physical therapist suspects that a patient has injured their spinal cord during an appointment, what should be their next step? a. Call 911 b. Check vertebral range of motion c. Take all of the patient's vitals (BP, HR, RR, etc) d. Test the patient's strength in the injured region a. Call 911 Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the nervous system? a. Sensory Input b. Motor Output c. Integration d. Chemical Digestion a. Chemical digestion True or False: Efferent neurons send signals from sensory receptors to the central nervous system. False Which is the least likely cause of cerebral palsy? a. Maternal infections b. Fetal stroke c. Infant infections d. Cesarean section d. Cesarean section Cerebral Palsy mainly disrupts normal nervous system functioning by ? a. Creating a legion/ damaged/ underdeveloped brain cells cannot interpret signals b. Allowing the brain to grow faster than normal c. Increasing the amount of gray matter in the spinal cord d. Increasing the amount of white matter in the spinal cord a. Creating a legion/damaged/underdeveloped brain cells cannot interpret signals True or False: Cerebral Palsy is more common in males than females. True True or False: The most apparent early sign of Cerebral Palsy is excessive crying. False (correct answer is development delay) What type of scan can often identify any lesions or abnormalities in your child's brain? a. MRI b. X-Ray c. Visual d. None of the above a. MRI True or False: Not reaching developmental milestones is an indication to refer a child to the physician. True Which of the following is NOT one of the primary treatments for Cerebral Palsy? a. Medications such as Diazepam (Valium) b. Surgery for muscle contractures c. Physical Therapy d. Aromatherapy d. Aromatherapy Which is the most common medication to reduce muscle spasms with patients with Cerebral Palsy? a. Tylenol b. Diazepam (Valium) c. Warfarin d. Levodopa b. Diazepam (Valium) True or false: The most common red flag for suspecting a child has Cerebral Palsy is missing/late developmental milestones. True Which of the following does NOT describe Cerebral Palsy? a. Progressive b. Permanent c. Movement Dysfunctions d. Incurable a. Progressive Which of the following is NOT a neurotransmitter? a. Amines b. Amino Acid c. Steroids d. Neuroactive peptides c. Steroids Which pathway brings information from the peripheral to the brain? a. Afferent Pathway b. Efferent Pathway a. Afferent pathway Which ion enters the cell and activate intracellular function? a. Sodium b. Potassium c. Acetylcholine d. Calcium d. Calcium A peak incidence of TBI occurs a. In early childhood between 1 and 2 years b. Between the ages of 15 and 24 c. In the elderly population d. All of the above d. All of the above True or False: In a concussion, the contre-coup injury is typically worse than the coup injury. True What is NOT a sign or symptom of a concussion? a. Dizziness b. Bloody Nose c. Nausea d. Easily distractible b. Bloody nose What type of imaging is most commonly used to diagnose TBI? a. CT b. MRI c. X-ray d. Ultrasound a. CT True or False: Care for patients with TBIs usually involves a team of medical professionals. True True or False: Medications cannot be used to treat any of the symptoms of traumatic brain injuries. False What is not a side effect of Osmitrol (Mannitol) when treating TBI? a. Dizziness b. Nausea c. Hypotension d. All of the above are side effects d. All of the above are side effects What would be an indication for a physical therapist to refer a patient who has suffered a TBI to a speech-language therapist? a. Difficulty swallowing b. Dizziness c. Ringing in the ears d. Vision problems a. Difficult swallowing What is NOT a responsibility of a therapist in the acute care setting? a. Monitoring cranial nerve function b. Monitoring voluntary motor function c. Monitoring reflexes d. Monitoring food intake d. Monitoring food intake Which of the following medication is often used to treat patients with Parkinson's Disease who still have some working dopamine neurons in the basal ganglia? a. Dopamine b. Levadopa c. Levodopa-Carbidopa d. Dopamine receptor agonist medication. d. Dopamine receptor agonist medication True or False: The central nervous system is composed of the tissues in the brain and spinal cord. True Parkinson Disease is caused by a in dopamine in the of the brain? a. Increase, Substantia Nigra b. Increase, Anterior Pituitary c. Decrease, Substantia Nigra d. Decrease, Hypothalamus c. Decrease, substantia nigra When is the best time to treat a patient with Parkinson Disease who is taking Levodopa? a. Before their first dose of the day of Levodopa b. As soon as their first dose has worn off c. An hour after their breakfast dose d. Physical therapists should not treat patients while they are taking Levodopa c. An hour after their breakfast dose True or False: Patients may experience heart arrhythmias while taking Levodopa. True What types of movement is the basal ganglia involved in? a. Postural responses b. Alternating movements c. Spontaneously occurring movements d. B and C e. All of the above e. All of the above True or False: Parkinson's disease affects approximately 1 person in every 100 older than the age of 65. False Which of the following is not a symptom of Parkinson's Disease? a. Resting tremors b. Hyperkinesia c. Postural chances d. Impaired balance b. Hyperkinesia True or False: SPECT and PET scans are the primary tests used in diagnosing Parkinson's disease. False True or False: When treating a patient with Parkinson's, the physical therapy session should be scheduled after the breakfast dose of the levadopa to better optimize the therapy session. True Which of the following medications block the MAO-B enzyme that breaks down dopamine? a. Sinemet b. Comtan c. Selegiline and rasagiline d. Stalevo c. Selegiliine and rasagiline True or False: With Sinamet CR, a drug holiday is often recommended and is a very safe procedure to help the patient recover from adverse effects of prolonged levodopa administration. False Which of the following statements about the normal levels of dopamine is FALSE: a. Normal levels of dopamine cause inhibition of the corpus striatum b. Normal levels of dopamine cause inhibition of the caudate nucleus and putamen c. Normal levels of dopamine ultimately cause inhibition of the thalamus d. Normal levels of dopamine ultimately cause excitation of the thalamus d. Normal levels of dopamine ultimately cause excitation of the thalamus Name the two branches of the nervous system? a. Autonomic, Central b. Autonomic, Anterior c. Anterior, Posterior d. Central, Anterior a. Autonomic, central In which order would a Nervous System Pathway take affect? a. Autonomic Nervous System, Central Nervous System, Response b. Central Nervous System, Autonomic Nervous System, Response c. Central Nervous System, Response, Autonomic Nervous System d. Autonomic Nervous System, Response, and Central Nervous System a. Autonomic nervous system, central nervous system, response What is a tumor? a. A currently circulating story or report of uncertain or doubtful truth. b. An organ next to the spleen. c. A lobe of the brain. d. A group of cells dividing in an uncontrolled fashion. d. A group of cells dividing in an uncontrolled fashion True or False: The exact cause of primary brain tumors (glioma) are NOT known. True What percentage of primary brain tumors are glioma? a. 20% to 30% b. 30% to 40% c. 40% to 50% d. 60% to 70% b. 30-40% What is not a sign/symptom of primary brain tumors (gliomas)? a. Headache b. Memory loss c. Difficulty with balance d. Speech difficulties e. All are signs/symptoms of primary brain tumors e. All are signs/symptoms of primary brain tumors True or False: An MRI to determine if there is in fact a brain tumor, would be taken using dye. True What medical provider would a patient with a glioma be referred to? a. Neurologist b. Radiologist c. Pharmacologist d. Physical Therapist a. Neurologist True or False: Surgery is typically the first step in the Glioma Treatment process. True True or False: Medication is implanted at the site of the removed tumor for glioma treatment. True True or False: If an individual is suffering from a primary brain tumor (glioma), they also have a risk of suffering from increased intracranial pressure. True When working with individuals suffering from primary brain tumors, what should you be aware of when performing physical therapy? a. Bed rest precautions b. Possible medical complications from chemotherapy and radiation c. Special positioning to prevent increased intracranial pressure d. All of the above d. All of the above What are the two major components in the CNS? Brain and spinal cord What is the name for the nerve carrying sensory information to the brain? Afferent nerve What is one hallmark physiological change occurring in MS? a. Increased skin sensation b. Increased blood flow between muscle and nerves c. Destruction of the myelin sheath d. No effect on cognitive ability c. Destruction of myelin sheath True or False: MS is an autoimmune disease. True Does MS occur more frequently in males or females? Females Name one symptom of MS. Numbness, weakness, vision impairments, tingling, lack of coordination, unsteady gait, slurred speech, fatigue, dizziness, bowel and bladder dysfunction What is the most widely used diagnostic criteria for MS? The McDonald Criteria of the International Panel on Diagnosis of MS True or False: MS patients typically fatigue slowly so a high-intensity, long duration treatment plan is the best option. False What is one way to treat specific signs and symptoms of MS? a. PT b. Muscle relaxants c. Medications to reduce fatigue, pain, depression, and sexual dysfunction. d. All of the above d. All of the above How is Copaxone administered? a. Sublingually b. Via IV c. Orally d. Via injection subcutaneously d. Via injection subcutaneously Patients with MS typically have what system impaired? a. Musculoskeletal b. Cardiopulmonary b. Cardiopulmonary True or False: Therapists treating patients with MS should look to various scales to evaluate progression of the disease. True Which specific glial cell is NOT part of the central nervous system (CNS)? a. Satellite cells b. Astrocytes c. Microglia d. Oligodendrocytes a. Satellite cells True or False: Afferent neurons carry output signals to target tissues such as skeletal muscle or cardiac muscle. False True or False: Glutamate and calcium channel activation cause a sudden depolarization phase in the neuron, which is characteristic of epileptic seizures. True True or False: All epileptic seizures are caused by tumors. False Epilepsy and seizures affect men more than women. True True or False: Prodromal signs are symptoms that may occur before a seizure happens. True True or False: ECG, MRI, and CT scans are common procedures to help diagnose epilepsy. True True or False: Anxiety is associated with epilepsy and seizures. False True or False: Most patients do not have success with antiepileptic drugs. False Which of these things does acetazolamide NOT treat? a. Altitude sickness b. Glaucoma c. Seizures d. Renal disease d. Renal disease Red flags for a physical therapist during treatment are: a. Blurry vision b. Convulsions c. Racing thoughts d. A & B e. All of the above e. All of the above True or False: It is only important for the therapist to be knowledgeable of only one type of seizure as they are all very similar and would have roughly the same implications for the therapist. False