nurs 6501 advanced pathophysiology final exam with highlighted accurate solutions and graded A+

primary intervention - ANSremoves risk factors, so diseases do not occur examples of primary interventions - ANSimmunizations, seat belts, helmets secondary interventions - ANSdetecting disease when still curable examples of secondary interventions - ANSpap smears, routine blood screens, chemotherapy tertiary interventions - ANSpreventing further deterioration or reducing complications of disease examples of tertiary interventions - ANSbeta blockers following MI, chemo, radiation homeostasis - ANSproperty of a system in which variables are regulated so that internal conditions remain stable and relatively constant; examples include the stability of the human body's environment in response to changes in external conditions mitochondria - ANScellular powerhouse; cellular respiration; convert ingested substances to ATP (cellular metabolism) endoplasmic reticulum - ANSprotein synthesis and fat metabolism ribosomes - ANSsite of protein synthesis golgi apparatus - ANSpackages and modifies proteins from the ER for secretion; produces lysosomes; predominant in secretory cells Lysosomes and peroxisomes - ANScellular digestion cytoskeleton - ANSfilaments and microtubules maintain cell shape; permit movement types of injurious stimuli (cellular) - ANShypoxia, chemical/toxic agents, physical agents, microorganisms and immunologic reactions, genetic defects, nutritional imbalances how does hypoxia affect cells? - ANScauses cellular swelling, local or generalized release of lactic acid