Davies Ped Echo Review QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

With echocardiography, LA volume is best determined by which of the following methods? A. M-mode B. inclusion of the LA appendage C. Simpson's method D. Inclusion of the proximal pulmonary veins correct answer: C. Simpson's method IN the normal neonatal heart what is the most common mitral Doppler inflow pattern? A. increased E wave deceleration compared with that of a teenager B. increased isovolumic relaxation time compared with that of a teenager C. Decreased E wave/A wave ratio as compared to that of older children D. increased E wave velocity and very low A wave correct answer: C. Decreased E wave/A wave ratio as compared to that of older children A mitral valve E wave that is decreased in comparison to the A wave most likely represents which of the following? A. Abnormal LV relaxation with normal LA pressure B. Restrictive cardiomyopathy C. Normal finding in the young adult D. Noncompliant LV correct answer: A. Abnormal LV relaxation with normal LA pressure An L wave is most often seen in which of the following settings? A. abnormal relaxation and slower heart rate B. abnormal relaxation and fast heart rates C. abnormal relaxation, elevated LA pressure, and fast heart rates D. abnormal LV compliance correct answer: A. abnormal relaxation and slower heart rate An increase in duration of the pulmonary vein Ar wave (atrial reversal with atrial contraction), as compared to the duration of the mitral valve inflow A wave (late LV filling), is a sign of: A. decreased LV filling pressure B. normal LV filling pressure C. Increased LV filling pressure D. Normal LA pressure correct answer: C. Increased LV filling pressure Which of these E/e' ratios best correlates with an increased LV end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) by echocardiography? A. E/e' ratio of 2 B. E/e' ratio of 5 C. E/e' ratio of 8 D. E/e' ratio of 12 correct answer: D. E/e' ratio of 12 This spectral Doppler image was taken from a structurally normal heart, with an E/A ratio of 3. What does it demonstrate? (attach image) A. Normal LA pressure B. Normal LV filling pressure C. Abnormal LV diastolic compliance D. Pseudonormal LV filling pattern correct answer: C. Abnormal LV diastolic compliance A patient is scheduled for outpatient echocardiography and was referred to cardiology because of systemic h