1 The main forms of renal replacement therapy (RRT) use dialysis. Most patients receiving dialysis have
haemodialysis using a dialysis machine. However, the number of people receiving another form of dialysis,
peritoneal dialysis, is increasing.
Fig. 4.2 represents the procedure of peritoneal dialysis. Some of the key points of this procedure are listed
below.
The peritoneum is a membrane that lines the abdominal cavity and is well supplied with blood capillaries.
The peritoneum acts as a surface across which waste can be removed.
The dialysis fluid, containing the sugar dextrose, fills the abdominal cavity.
The fluid remains in the abdominal cavity for 4 to 6 hours.
The fluid is then drained from the abdominal cavity and thrown away.
The procedure usually needs to be done four times each day.
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, (i) How might the peritoneum differ in its function from the artificial membrane in a dialysis machine used in
haemodialysis?
[1]
(ii) Why does the dialysis fluid used in peritoneal dialysis contain dextrose solution rather than water alone?
[2]
(iii) Suggest why patients receiving peritoneal dialysis usually need to have the peritoneal dialysis fluid replaced
four times a day, but those receiving haemodialysis only need treatment three times a week.
[2]
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, 2
(i) There are two types of dialysis: peritoneal dialysis and haemodialysis. Both of these dialysis methods
remove waste from the blood.
Peritoneal dialysis occurs within the abdominal cavity and uses active transport as well as diffusion.
Haemodialysis involves a dialysis machine and relies on simple diffusion.
Explain why peritoneal dialysis can use active transport and diffusion while haemodialysis relies on diffusion
alone.
[2]
(ii) Suggest one advantage and one disadvantage of a kidney transplant compared to dialysis.
advantage _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
disadvantage _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
[2]
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haemodialysis using a dialysis machine. However, the number of people receiving another form of dialysis,
peritoneal dialysis, is increasing.
Fig. 4.2 represents the procedure of peritoneal dialysis. Some of the key points of this procedure are listed
below.
The peritoneum is a membrane that lines the abdominal cavity and is well supplied with blood capillaries.
The peritoneum acts as a surface across which waste can be removed.
The dialysis fluid, containing the sugar dextrose, fills the abdominal cavity.
The fluid remains in the abdominal cavity for 4 to 6 hours.
The fluid is then drained from the abdominal cavity and thrown away.
The procedure usually needs to be done four times each day.
© OCR 2023. You may photocopy this page. 1 of 24 Created in ExamBuilder
, (i) How might the peritoneum differ in its function from the artificial membrane in a dialysis machine used in
haemodialysis?
[1]
(ii) Why does the dialysis fluid used in peritoneal dialysis contain dextrose solution rather than water alone?
[2]
(iii) Suggest why patients receiving peritoneal dialysis usually need to have the peritoneal dialysis fluid replaced
four times a day, but those receiving haemodialysis only need treatment three times a week.
[2]
© OCR 2023. You may photocopy this page. 2 of 24 Created in ExamBuilder
, 2
(i) There are two types of dialysis: peritoneal dialysis and haemodialysis. Both of these dialysis methods
remove waste from the blood.
Peritoneal dialysis occurs within the abdominal cavity and uses active transport as well as diffusion.
Haemodialysis involves a dialysis machine and relies on simple diffusion.
Explain why peritoneal dialysis can use active transport and diffusion while haemodialysis relies on diffusion
alone.
[2]
(ii) Suggest one advantage and one disadvantage of a kidney transplant compared to dialysis.
advantage _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
disadvantage _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
[2]
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