NSCA-CSCS Exam: End of chapter questions With Correct Answers

Which of the following substances regulates muscle actions? a. Potassium b. Calcium c. Troponin d. Tropomyosin - ANSWER b. Calcium Which of the following substances acts at the neuromuscular junction to excite the muscle fibers of a motor unit? a. Acetylcholine (ACH) b. ATP c. Creatine Phosphate d. Serotonin - ANSWER a. Acetylcholine (ACH) When throwing a baseball, an athlete's arm is rapidly stretched just before throwing the ball. Which of the following structures detects and responds to that stretch by reflexively increasing muscle activity? a. Golgi tendon organ b. Muscle spindle c. Extrafusal muscle d. Pacinian corpuscle - ANSWER b. Muscle spindle From which of the following is the heart's electrical impulse normally initiated? a. AV Node b. SA Node c. the brain d. the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) - ANSWER b. SA Node Which of the following occurs during the QRS Complex of a typical ECG? I. depolarization of the atrium II. repolarization of the atrium III. repolarization of the ventricle IV. depolarization of the ventricle a. I and III only b. II and IV only c. I, II, and III only d. II, III, and IV only - ANSWER b. II and IV only Which of the following is the definition of power? a. (mass) x (acceleration) b. (force) x (distance) c. (force) x (velocity) d. (torque) x (time) - ANSWER c .(force) x velocity To compare performances of Olympic weightlifters of different body weights, the classic formula divides the load lifted by the athlete's (blank)? a. body weight b. body weight squared c. lean body weight d. body weight to the two-thirds power - ANSWER d. body weight to the two-thirds power During a free weight exercise, muscle force varies with which of the following? I. perpendicular distance from the weight to the body joint II. joint angle III. movement acceleration IV. movement velocity squared a. I and III only b. II and IV only c. I, II, and III only d. II, III, and IV only - ANSWER a. I and III only A vertical jump involves knee, hip, and shoulder movement primarily in which of the following anatomical planes? a. sagittal b. perpendicular c. frontal d. transverse - ANSWER a. sagittal An athlete is performing a concentric isokinetic elbow flexion and extension exercise. Which of the following type (s) of levers occur(s) at the elbow during this exercise? I. 1st class II. 2nd class III. 3rd class a. I only b. II only c. I and III only d. II and III only - ANSWER c. I and III only Which of the following substances can be metabolized anaerobically? a. glycerol b. glucose c. amino acids d. free fatty acids - ANSWER b. glucose Which of the following reactions is the primary cause of metabolic acidosis (i.e., the decrease in intramuscular pH during high-intensity, fatiguing exercise)? a. ATP --> ADP + Pi + H b. pyruvate + NADH --> lactate + NAD c. ADP + creatine phosphate --> ATP + creatine d. fructose-6-phosphate --> fructose-1,6-bisphosphate - ANSWER a. ATP --> ADP + Pi + H Which of the following energy systems produces ATP at the quickest rate? a. phosphagen b. aerobic glycolysis c. fat oxidation d. fast glycolysis - ANSWER a. phosphagen Approximately how many net ATP are produced via the oxidative energy system from the metabolism of one glucose molecule? a. 27 b. 34 c. 38 d. 41 - ANSWER c. 38 Which of the following energy substrates cannot be depleted during extreme exercise intensities or durations? a. creatine phosphate b. glycogen c. water d. ATP - ANSWER d. ATP After a bout of resistance training, acute hormonal secretions provide all of the following information to the body EXCEPT a. amount of physiological stress b. metabolic demands of exercise c. type of physiological stress d. energy expended - ANSWER d. energy expended Which of the following hormones enhance(s) muscle tissue growth? I. growth hormone II. cortisol III. IGF-I IV. progesterone a. I and III only b. II and IV only c. I, II, and III only d. II, III, and IV only - ANSWER a. I and III only Which of the following is NOT a function of growth hormone? a. increase lipolysis b. decrease collagen synthesis c. increase amino acid transport d. decrease glucose utilization - ANSWER b. decrease college synthesis Which of the following hormones has the greatest influence neural changes? a. growth hormone b. testosterone c. cortisol d. IGF - ANSWER b. testosterone What type of resistance training workout promotes the highest growth hormone increase following the exercise session? a. Rest (30 secs), Vol (High), Sets (3) b. Rest (30 secs), Vol (Low), Sets (1) c. Rest (3 mins), Vol (High), Sets (1) d. Rest (3 mins), Vol (Low), Sets (3) - ANSWER a. Rest (30 secs), Vol (High), Sets (3) Following resistance training, augmented neural drive to the working musculature is the result of I. increased agonist muscle recruitment II. muscle hypertrophy III. improved firing rate IV. greater synchronization a. all of the above b. I and IV only c. I, II, and III only d. I, II, and IV only - ANSWER d. I, II, and IV only When one is performing a box-to-box plyometric drop jump, in order to generate sufficient force in a limited amount of time (<200 ms), which muscle fibers are bypassed through the principle of selective recruitment? a. I b. IIa c. IIX d. IIc - ANSWER a. I Which of the following performance or physiological characteristics is NOT usually observed in a state of nonfunctional overreaching (NFOR) within athlete populations? a. stagnation and a decrease in performance b. hormonal disturbances c. mood disturbances and depression d. increased levels of fatigue - ANSWER c. mood disturbances and depression Following prolonged periods of detraining in elite strength/power athletes, which of the following physical characteristics will likely show the largest reduction as a consequence of the removal of an anaerobic training stimulus? a. total fat mass b. fast-twitch fiber cross-sectional area c. slow-twitch fiber cross-sectional area d. total Type I muscle fiber content - ANSWER b. fast-twitch fiber cross-sectional area Following a period of chronic high-intensity resistance training, a variety of physiological adaptations take place in a number of systems within the body that promote improved athletic performance in strength/power activities. If an elite athlete were to undergo 12 weeks of heavy strength training, which of the following adaptations would NOT be expected consequent to this type of anaerobic exercise? a. a transition from Type IIx to Type IIa muscle fiber b. increased pinnation angle in certain muscle groups c. reduced sarcoplasmic reticulum and T-Tubule density d. elevated sodium-potassium ATPase activity - ANSWER c. reduced sarcoplasmic reticulum and T-Tubule density In which of the following athletes might you expect limited bone mineral density (BMD) levels as a consequence of the force vectors and the physical demands associated with the given sport? a. a 16 y/o gymnast with a seven-year training history in her sport. b. a 23 y/o offensive lineman who has lifted weights for 8 years c. a 33 y/o track cyclist who has a 1RM squat of 352 pounds d. a 19 y/o 800m freestyle swimmer with 1 year of dryland training - ANSWER d. a 19 y/o 800m freestyle swimmer with 1 year of drylands training. A 17 y/o high school XC runner has been training aerobically for six months in preparation for the upcoming season. Which of the following adaptations will occur in the muscles during that time? a. increased concentrations of glycolytic enzymes b. hyperplasia of Type II fibers c. transformation from Type I to Type II fibers d. hypertrophy of Type I fibers - ANSWER d. hypertrophy of Type I fibers The amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle during each beat is the a. cardiac output b. a-vO2 difference c. heart rate d. stroke volume - ANSWER d. stroke volume Which of the following does NOT normally increase during an aerobic exercise session? a. end-diastolic volume b. cardiac contractility c. cardiac output d. diastolic blood pressure - ANSWER d. diastolic blood pressure The mean arterial pressure is defined as the a. average blood pressure throughout the cardiac cycle b. average of the systolic and diastolic blood pressures c. average systolic blood pressure during exercise d. average of blood pressure and heart rate - ANSWER a. average blood pressure throughout the cardiac cycle Primary training adaptations of elite aerobically trained athletes include which of the following? I. increased maximal oxygen uptake II. decreased blood lactate concentration III. increased running economy IV. decreased capillary density a. I and III only b. II and IV only c. I, II, and III only d. II, III, and IV only - ANSWER c. I, II, and III only An 8 y/o boy dramatically increased his upper body strength after following a six-month resistance training program. Which of the following is MOST likely responsible for this gain? a. increased number of muscle fibers b. enhanced cross-sectional area c. greater muscle density d. improved neuromuscular functioning - ANSWER d. improved neuromuscular functioning Growth cartilage in children is located at all of the following EXCEPT the a. diaphysis b. epiphyseal plate c. joint surface d. apophyseal insertion - ANSWER a. diaphysis The condition characterized by a bone mineral density more than 2.5 SD below the young adult mean is called a. sarcopenia b. osteopenia c. osteoporosis d. scoliosis - ANSWER c. osteoporosis Which of the following should be evaluated FIRST when one is designing a training program for a 68 y/o competitive female tennis player? a. cardiovascular fitness b. lower body fitness c. balance and agility d. medical history - ANSWER d. medical history Reconditioned female college athletes who participate in sports such as basketball and soccer appear to be at increased risk for developing injuries to the a. back b. knee c. wrist d. neck - ANSWER b. knee An Olympic weightlifter attempting a personal record is able to ignore the audience to concentrate solely on her performance. Which of the following abilities is this athlete most likely using to perform the exercise? a. selective attention b. somatic anxiety c. guided discovery d. self-efficacy - ANSWER a. selective attention An athlete's desire to perform to his or her potential is an example of a. motive to avoid failure b. autogenic training c. selective attention d. achievement motivation - ANSWER d. achievement motivation For a high school American football team, if any player squats 2x his body weight, his name is placed on the wall. This is an example of a. negative reinforcement b. positive reinforcement c. negative punishment d. postive punishment - ANSWER b. positive reinforcement How does an athlete's optimal level of arousal change with limited skill and ability to perform the activity? a. it increases b. it decreases c. it has no effect d. it is not related to the activity - ANSWER b. it decreases In teaching the push press, which of the following is an example of segmentation with pure-part training integration? a. Practice the push press without any equipment, progress to practice with a PVC pipe, and end with an unloaded bar. b. Practice the dip, followed by the dip with the drive, and end with practice of the entire push press. c. Practice the dip, the drive, and the catch independently before practicing the entire push press. d. Practice the dip and the drive independently, followed by practice of the dip with the drive; then practice the catch independently and end with practice of the entire push press. - ANSWER c. Practice the dip, and the catch independently before practicing the entire push press.