 HESI Exam with Answers and Explanations (300 Questions)

 HESI Exam with Answers and Explanations (300 Questions) • Question: 1 • The nurse is teaching parents of a newborn about feeding their infant. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include? • Use the defrost setting on microwave ovensto warm bottles. • When refrigerating formula, don’t feed the baby partially used bottles after 24 hours. • When using formula concentrate, mix two parts water and one part concentrate. • If a portion of one bottle is left for the next feeding, go ahead and add new formula to fill it. o Answer: A • Explanation: • Parents must be careful when warming bottles in a microwave oven because the milk can become superheated. When a microwave oven is used, the defrost setting should be chosen, and the temperature of the formula should be checked before giving it to the baby. Refrigerated, partially used bottles should be discarded after 4 hours because the baby might have introduced some pathogens into the formula. Returning the bottle to the refrigerator does not destroy pathogens. Formula concentrate and water are usually mixed in a 1:1 ratio of one part concentrate and one part water. Infants should be offered fresh formula at each feeding. Partially used bottles should not have fresh formula added to them. Pathogens can grow in partially used bottles of formula and be transferred to the new formula.Health Promotion and Maintenance • Question: 2 • The nurse is assessing the dental status of an 18-month-old child. How many teeth should the nurse expect to examine? • 6 • 8 • 12 • 16 o Answer: C • Explanation: • In general, children begin dentition around 6 months of age. During the first 2 years of life, a quick guide to the number of teeth a child should have is as follows: Subtract the number 6 from the number of months in the age of the child. In this example, the child is 18 months old, so the formula is 18 – 6 = 12. An 18month-old child should have approximately 12 teeth.Health Promotion and • Maintenance • Question: 3 • Which of the following physical findings indicates that an 11–12-month-old child is at risk for developmental dysplasia of the hip? • refusal to walk • not pulling to a standing position • negative Trendelenburg sign • negative Ortolani sign o Answer: B • Explanation: • The nurse might be concerned about developmental dysplasia of the hip if an 11–12-month- old child doesn’t pull to a standing position. An infant who does not walk by 15 months of age should be evaluated. Children should start walking between 11–15 months of age. Trendelenberg sign is related to weakness of the gluteus medius muscle, not hip dysplasia. Ortolani sign is used to identify congenital subluxation or dislocation of the hip in infants.Health Promotion and Maintenance • Question: 4 • When administering intravenous electrolyte solution, the nurse should take which of the following precautions? • Infuse hypertonic solutions rapidly. • Mix no more than 80 mEq of potassium per liter of fluid. • Prevent infiltration of calcium, which causes tissue necrosis and sloughing. • As appropriate, reevaluate the client’s digitalis dosage. He might need an increased dosage because IV calcium diminishes digitalis’s action.  o Answer: C • Explanation: • Preventing tissue infiltration is important to avoid tissue necrosis. Choice 1 is incorrect because hypertonic solutions should be infused cautiously and checked with the RN if there is a concern. Choice 2 is incorrect because potassium, mixed in the pharmacy per physician order, is mixed at a concentration no higher than 60 mEq/L. • Physiological Adaptation • Question: 5 • 14. All of the following should be performed when fetal heart monitoring indicates fetal distress • except: • increase maternal fluids. • administer oxygen. • decrease maternal fluids. • turn the mother. o Answer: C • Explanation: • Decreasing maternal fluids is the only intervention that shouldnotbe performed when fetal distress is indicated.Reduction of Risk Potential • Question: 6 • Which fetal heart monitor pattern can indicate cord compression? • variable decelerations • early decelerations • bradycardia • tachycardia o Answer: A • Explanation: • Variable decelerations can be related to cord compression. The other patterns are not.Reduction ofRisk Potential • Question: 7 • Which of the following conditions is mammography used to detect? • pain • tumor • edema • epilepsy o Answer: B • Explanation: • Mammography is used to detect tumors or cysts in the breasts, not the other conditions.Reduction ofRisk Potential • Question: 8 • Why might breast implants interfere with mammography? • They might cause additional discomfort. • They are contraindications to mammography. • They are likely to be dislodged. • They might prevent detection of masses.  o Answer: D • Explanation: • Breast implants can prevent detection of masses. Choices 1, 2, and 3 are not ways in which breast implants interfere with mammography.Reduction of Risk Potential