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ANATOMÍA: Osteología

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Apuntes de Clase de Anatomía. 1º Curso de Enfermería, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria (Madrid)

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Uploaded on
September 8, 2016
Number of pages
9
Written in
2015/2016
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1º curso de enfermería. clases de anatomía

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T4. OSTEOLOGÍA
Osteología: parte de la anatomía que estudia los huesos.

Esqueleto: compuesto por 206 huesos (supone el 12% del peso corporal)

Dentro de estos 206 huesos no se incluyen:

- Piezas dentarias
- Huesos del oído medio
- Huesos saturales
- Huesos oxemoideos

Características de los huesos:

- Rigidez y dureza
- Elasticidad

Esqueleto axial: cabeza, cuello, tronco: representa el eje de nuestro cuerpo
Esqueleto apendicular: extremidades


FUNCIONES DEL SISTEMA ESQUELÉTICO

 Proporciona el soporte del cuerpo: supone el eje de nuestro cuerpo
 Permite la locomoción
 Protege estructuras vitales
 Supone un reservorio metabólico de sales minerales
 Hematopoyesis: forma células (en la médula ósea roja)
 Almacenamiento energético (médula ósea amarilla: grasa)

COMPOSICIÓN Y ARQUITECTURA ÓSEA

Hueso = sust org + sust inorg

Sust org --- propociona elasticidad
Sust inorg --- proporciona dureza

Huesos frescos (los nuestros del cuerpo)… sust org + inorg
Huesos secos… solo sust inorg (lo conseguimos hirviéndolos)
Si solo te quieres quedar con la sust inorg del hueso… le aplicamos ácido al hueso

COMPOSICIÓN:

1. Células de sostén:
Osteoblastos: generan el hueso
Osteocitos: osteoblastos inactivos

2. Matriz orgánica: oscoide ---- 25% del hueso
(De colágeno + glicosaminoglucanos)
3. Depósitos de sales minerales inorg ---- 50% del hueso
(Se encuentran en la matriz org)

4. Células de remodelación: osteoclastos (eliminan la parte vieja del hueso)
El esqueleto se renueve un 10% anualmente

5. Agua ---- 25% del hueso

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