Right-of-way pesticide exam with complete solutions

Root-absorbed herbicides are more effective when applied postemergence. T or F - Answer- False Define contact herbicide - Answer- kills where it directly contacts. Controls annual and biennial Define systemic herbicide - Answer- used for perennial weeds. Moves throughout the plant Temperature, moisture, soil-type and rate of application influence the persistence of a herbicide. T or F - Answer- True What is temperature inversion and how can it affect pesticide drift? - Answer- Temp inversion is when ground air is 2-5 deg cooler than air above it. It increases drift deposits What is the difference between a selective and non-selective herbicide - Answer- selective doesn't kill surround veg. non-selective removes most veg If a plant's growing points are below the soil surface, which type of herbicide will provide better control: contact or systemic? - Answer- systemic How can leaf shape affect herbicidal action - Answer- herbicides will runoff narrow and upright leaves. Broad leaves hold herbicide longer What climatic factors affect herbicides - Answer- humidity, light, precipitation, wind, temp, length of growing season what are the five categories of selective herbicide applications - Answer- foliage spraying, basal spraying, granular/pellet, spotgun/exact dose, cut surface herbicide What are the 3 basic foliage spray treatments used in right-of-ways. - Answer- low volume ground foliage, high ground foliage, aerial What are the differences between low volume ground foliage and high volume ground foliage treatments? - Answer- High volume has a specific concentration that is applied instead of rate per acre. Foliage is prayed to a point where additional spray begins to drip of treated leaves. Larger volumes of mix. Amount applied will very a lot What steps can you take to avoid drift and accidental spraying of non-target plants when using high volume ground foliage treatments - Answer- avoid spray pattern being too high/far, use low pressure, avoid unfavorable weather, spray parallel to edge of right-of-way What is the difference between conventional basal spraying and low volume basal spraying - Answer- low volume uses a more concentrated herbicide mix In low volume basal spraying stems are completely encircled and wet to rundown. T or F - Answer- False What are the advantages and disadvantages of granular and pellet applications - Answer- Advantage: faster application time, more uniform results. Disadvantage: damage to non-target veg what are "spotgun" applications? - Answer- hand held or backpack sprayer that delivers a pre-measured dose of concentrated herbicide to the base of target vegetation. Granular application is hand operated in sparse populations. T or F - Answer- True "stump spraying" and "hack and squirt" are names for cut surface herbicide treatments. T or F - Answer- False What are the most common mistakes made by applicators using cut surface herbicide treatments? - Answer- applying too much, making improper frilling/girdling cuts, applying too close to wanted veg. Non-selective chemicals must have moisture to enter plant root systems. T or F - Answer- True What kind of herbicide should you that is short lived in the soil and if you want to completely kill existing vegetation and immediately replant with ornamentals? Systemic or contact - Answer- systemic Use selective herbicide for areas where nontarget tree roots may extend under a target area. T or F - Answer- True when are the best results from soil residual herbicides achieved? - Answer- spring List the 5 precautions for non-selective herbicide applications - Answer- avoid non-target root system areas, avoid frozen ground, caution when applying soil-residual herb on slopes, use low pressure, choose non-corrosive materials What is the difference between a defoliant and a desiccant - Answer- Defoliant: leaves drop without killing plant Desiccant: increases speed of drying plant leaves,stems, and vines What growth regulator inhibits production of plant hormones that control cell elongation? - Answer- Gibberlin Which growth regulator accelerates cell growth and reproduction - Answer- auxin What type of growth regulator is 2,4-D? - Answer- Auxin Growth regulators are not pesticides and are not regulated by FIFRA. T or F - Answer- False (they are regulated by FIFRA) Because gibberllin inhibitors are formulated with an alcohol carrier, trunk injection in the Northern US should only take place between what times? - Answer- From bud breaks in spring to leaf drop in fall What do growth regulators used on turf suppress? - Answer- plant seedhead development Growth regulators are used in some asphalt-based tree wound dressings. T or F. - Answer- True most turf treatments are a combination of regulators. T or F - Answer- True All growth regulators on turf are applied by what kind of treatment? - Answer- broadcast What are the five factors to consider when selecting and using a growth regulator? - Answer- results from type of regulator. rates of given species. results vary with timing of application. stage of growth will affect results. impact of environmental conditions Why are treatment rates crucial when applying growth regulators? - Answer- whether chemical acts as growth regulator or lethal herbicide is determined by small changes in rate. What factors impact the amount of chemical that is deposited on the target? - Answer- concentration of pesiticde tank. rate of discharge. speed of travel. area covered Why should a spray tank have a shut-off vavle? - Answer- so any liquid can be held without leaking out of pump, strainers, and other parts. What are the two types of agitators? - Answer- mechanical and hydraulic Why should you use a different sprayer to apply herbicides from the one you use to apply insecticide or fungicides to ornamentals? - Answer- herbicides are difficult to wash out Which sprayer is best for basal applications to small brush or stumps or for limited work in areas inaccessible to large machinery? - Answer- compressed backpack sprayer Which sprayer is best for applying brush killers to taller trees or dense brush where brownout is not a problem? - Answer- high pressure sprayer Where does hydraulic agitation come from? - Answer- return flow What pumps are the most reliable? - Answer- piston pumps Where does the additional strainer go? - Answer- on intake line What nozzels are most resistant to abrasive materials? - Answer- tungsten/stainless steel what pressure are flat fan nozzels most commonly used at? - Answer- 40 psi mistblowers are more likely to create drift than a backpack sprayer. T or F. - Answer- True If you purchase the wrong size nozzle, a safe solution is to operate the nozzles at a higher pressure. T or F - Answer- False Where would you use off-center nozzles to spray? - Answer- roadside and railroads Why should you calibrate the sprayer frequently when using wettable powders and a flat fan nozzle? - Answe