CALCULATIONS PNN 2023 Exam Questions And Answers All Correct

CALCULATIONS PNN 2023 Exam Questions And Answers All Correct A 10% amino-acid PN solution is running at a rate of 50 mL per hour. How many Calories are infused in a 24-hour period? Write your answer as a WHOLE number. - Answer = 480 Cal 50 mL per hour for 24 hours = 1200 mL infused in 24 hours 10% amino-acid solution = 10 g / 100 mL 10 g / 100 mL = X grams / 1200 mL X = (1200 mL x 10 g) / 100 mL = 120 grams of amino-acid 1 gram of amino-acid yields 4 Cal, therefore: 1 gram / 4 Cal = 120 grams / X Cal X = 120 g x 4 Cal/g = 480 Cal We have a stock vial of 23.4% NaCl for injection, and we are planning to add 40 mEq of NaCl to a 1 liter IV bag of D5W. How many milliliters of the 23.4% NaCl vial are needed? Molecular Weights: Na+ = 23 Cl- = 35.5 Enter your answer as a WHOLE number. - 10 mL First, let's calculate how many milligrams of NaCl are needed to equal 40 mEq of NaCl. 1 mEq = MW in mg / valence 1 mEq = 58.5 mg / 1 = 58.5 mg 1 mEq is 58.5 mg 40 mEq is X mg X = 40 mEq x 58.5 mg /1 mEq = 2340 mg = 2.34 g 23.4% NaCl vial means: 23.4 g / 100 mL 2.34 g / X mL " X = 2.34 g x 100 mL / 23.4 g = 10 mL Note: A shortcut used by clinical pharmacists is to know that 1 mL of 23.4% NaCl vial for injection has 4 mEq of NaCl; therefore, if you need 40 mEq of NaCl, that will be equivalent to 10 mL of the 23.4% NaCl vial R.J. is currently in the emergency department experiencing chest pain due to symptomatic bradycardia. He is allergic to atropine; therefore, as per Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS) protocol, he will be treated with 1 mg of epinephrine instead. If the epinephrine vial comes in a 1:1000 strength ratio, how many milliliters of this vial will give us the correct dose? Round off your answer to a WHOLE number. - Answer = 1 mL First, let's convert strength ratio to percent strength: 1:1000 means 1 part in 1000 parts. 1 part / 1000 parts = X grams / 100 mL X = 0.1 g (in 100 mL); therefore, the solution's % strength is 0.1%. 0.1 gram = 100 mg 100 mg / 100 mL = 1 mg / X mL X = 1 mL How many milliliters of water are needed to dilute 500 mL of 90% ethanol to a 50% concentration? Enter your answer as a WHOLE number. - Answer = 400 mL C1.V1 = C2.V2 90% (500 mL) = 50% ( X mL) " X = 900 mL total solution 900 mL total ‒ 500 mL initial = 400 mL needs to be added. How many mEq of potassium chloride are in 200 mL of a 5% KCl solution? - Answer = 134.2 mEq 5% means 5 grams in 100 mL; therefore, there are 10 grams in 200 mL. 10 grams = 10,000 mg 1 mEq = MW in mg / valence MW of 74.5 " 1 mEq = 74.5 mg / 1 = 74.5 mg 1 mEq = 74.5 mg 10,000 mg = X mEq " X = (10,000 mg x 1 mEq) / 74.5 mg = 134.2 mEq With a volume of distribution of 40 liters and t ½ of 8 hours, what would be the IV loading dose of a drug in milligrams to obtain a plasma concentration of 8 mg/L? - Answer = 320 mg Formula: Conc = Dose / Vol or Conc = Loading Dose / Volume of distribution Conc = LD / Vd 8 mg/L = LD / 40 L LD = 320 mg