Hematology Study Guide| 75 QUESTIONS| WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS

Describe the 3 functions of blood (transportation, regulation, and protection) and provide examples of each. correct answer: a. Transportation: gases, nutrients, hormones, waste products b. Regulation: pH, body temperature, osmotic pressure c. Protection: clotting, white blood cells, proteins Describe the physical characteristics and principal components of blood. correct answer: a. Blood plasma: 1. 91.5% water, 8.5% solutes (primarily proteins) 2. Hepatocytes synthesize most plasma proteins such as albumins, fibrinogen, and antibodies. 3. Other solutes include electrolytes, nutrients, enzymes, hormones, gases, and waste products. ------------------ b. Formed Elements: cells and cell fragments 1. Red blood cells (RBC) 2. White Blood Cells (WBC) 3. Platelets Summarize the process of hematopoiesis, and discuss the role and function of bone marrow. correct answer: a. Initially in the yolk sac, then moves to the liver, spleen, thymus gland, lymph nodes, and red bone marrow. b. After birth, red bone marrow is the only site of hematopoiesis c. At about 4 years of age, red marrow starts decreasing in long bones, and by 18-20 years of age, the red marrow is mostly replaced by yellow marrow in the long bones. d. Sites: Flat bones such as sternum, ribs, and skull; vertebrae; pelvis: All main sites after 20 years of age.