OAE Foundations of Reading Latest 2023 Rated A+

OAE Foundations of Reading Latest 2023 Rated A+ Concepts About Print (CAP) Assesses the literacy knowledge of kindergarten children and early first graders Skills Assessed: Book handling, directionality, word-by-word matching, and locating words in print Diagnostic Assessment Assessment designed to determine and diagnose a student's strengths, weaknesses, knowledge and skills Formative Assessment Assessment that provides teachers information about students thinking Informal Reading Inventory (IRI) Survey designed to help a teacher determine a student's reading instructional needs Leveled Text Levels of difficulty from the easy books that an emergent reader might begin with to the longer, complex books that advanced readers would need Miscue Analysis A way of closely observing recording and analyzing oral reading behaviors to assess how the student is using specific reading strategies Portfolio A collection of student's work Progress Monitoring Observing or testing a student's progress and evaluating the instructional techniques. Goals are established and measured on a regular basis and instruction is adjusted as needed. Reading Miscue Inventory (Running Records) a teacher records a child's reading behavior, noting miscues, self-corrections, substitutions, omissions, etc. Often used to determine advanced, instructional and frustration level of texts. Reliability The dependability of a test, referring to its consistency of outcomes Screening Assessment Given at the beginning of the school year to determine student's reading level Spelling Inventory Survey designed to help a teacher determine a student's spelling (orthographic) instructional needs Summative Assessment Assessment that is comprehensive in nature Validity The extent to which a test measures what it was intended to measure Alphabetic Principle The concept that letters and letter combinations represent individual phonemes Auditory Discrimination Skills The ability to detect differences in sounds Awareness of Print Understanding that print has different functions depending on the context in which it appears Blends Two or more consecutive consonants which retain their individual sounds Ex: "bl" in block Concept of Print The idea that print must be ordered and arranged systematically to communicate meaning effectively Digraphs Two consecutive consonants that represent one phoneme Diphthong A vowel produced by the tongue shifting positions during articulation Direct Instruction The teacher defines and teaches a concept, guides students through its application, and arranges for extended guided practice until mastery is achieved Explicit instruction The teacher's language is concise specific and related to the objective. Systematic instruction that involves teacher modeling and explanation then application and independent practice Grapheme A letter or letter combination that spells a phoneme Implicit Strategy Not directly stated in the text, but may be inferred from the text Letter-Sound Correspondence A phoneme associated with a letter Morpheme The smallest meaningful unit of language Onset and rime In a syllable, the onset is the initial consonant(s) and the rime is the vowel and any consonants that follow Ex: Sat has the onset "s" and the rime "at" Phoneme The smallest unit of sound within our language system Phonics A system of teaching reading and spelling that focuses on sound, syllable and letter relationships Phonemic Awareness The ability to notice, think about and manipulate the individual phonemes in words Phonological Awareness Covers a range of understandings related to sounds of words and word parts, including identifying and manipulating larger parts of spoken language Phonological Processing Involves detecting and discriminating the differences in phonemes under conditions of little or no distraction of distortion Semantics The study of the development and change of the meanings of speech forms Structural Analysis Where words are broken down into their base components and affix components Syntax The word order pattern in sentences (whether a sentence sounds right) Automaticity Refers to any skilled and complex behavior that can be performed to reading rather easily with little conscious awareness. Concept Map Visual framework for organizing conceptual information in the process of defining a word or concept Fluency Ability to read quickly, accurately, and with proper expression Phrasing Breaking down bodies of writing into parts and then reading these parts literally Prosody Reading with expression, proper intonation and phrasing Semantic Map Portrays the relations that compose a concept, a strategy for graphically representing concepts Structural Analysis Skills A procedure for teaching students to read words formed with prefixes, suffixes or other meaningful word parts Interactive Reading A process where students interact with a text before during and after reading as they actively construct meaning from the text Before Reading Strategies Includes activating prior knowledge, previewing a text, setting a purpose for reading and making predictions During Reading Strategies Includes modeling the thought process, making inferences, constructing mental images, monitoring comprehension, asking questions and making connections within texts After Reading Strategies Includes summarizing, retelling, confirming predications, evaluation, connection and comparison across text Scaffolding Temporary guidance and assistance enabling a student to perform a task they would not otherwise perform on their own, with a goal of student improvement and independence Schema Knowledge and experience a reader brings to the text Synthesizing The cognitive process of connecting and merging ideas from different parts of the same text or across different texts Text Features Elements of a text the give additional information to the reader Includes: charts, diagrams, headings, captions, etc. Text Structure/Organizational Structure The various patterns of ideas that are embedded in the organization of text Includes: cause and effect, comparison, sequencing, etc.