SYG2000 UF FINAL EXAM SPRING 2018 Questions & Answers

Only one person was the research subject, the rest knew the actual answer. The majority answered with the correct line after they listened to others give the wrong answer, while 1/3 some were conflicted with conforming or choosing the correct answer. Social Network - ANSWER A set of relations held together by ties between individuals (a set of dyads) Ties - ANSWER A set of stories that explains our relationship to other members of our network. Embeddedness - ANSWER The degree to which ties are reinforced through indirect paths within a social network. The more embedded a tie is, the stronger it is. The Strength of Weak Ties - ANSWER The notion that relatively weak ties often turn out to be quite valuable because they yield new information. Structural Holes - ANSWER A gap between network clusters, or even two individuals, if those individuals (or clusters) have complementary resources. There can now be a formation of a new tie between two different clusters with the use of an intermediary person to go between both groups. Social Capital - ANSWER The information, knowledge of people, and connections that help individuals enter, gain power in, or otherwise leverage social networks. Six Degrees of Separation - ANSWER You are just six introductions away from any other person on the planet. Evidences founded by Stanley Milgram by sending letters out to people in Nebraska asking them to send a letter to a Stockbroker in Boston or to someone that might know the Stockbroker. Social Deviance - ANSWER Any acts that involve the violation of accepted social norms. Informal Deviance - ANSWER Minor transgressions of norms Formal Deviance - ANSWER Serious transgressions of norms Social Control - ANSWER The techniques and strategies for preventing deviant human behavior in any society. Formal Social Sanctions - ANSWER The rules or laws prohibiting deviant criminal behavior Informal Social Sanctions - ANSWER Usually unexpressed but widely known rules of group membership; the unspoken rules of social life Egoistic Suicide - ANSWER Suicide committed by people who feel alienated from others and who lack social support Altruistic Suicide - ANSWER Suicide committed by people who believe that taking their own life will benefit society. Anomic Suicide - ANSWER Suicide that occurs as a result of insufficient social regulation. Fatalistic Suicide - ANSWER Suicide that occurs as a result of too much social regulation. Social Integration - ANSWER Is how well you are integrated into your social group or community Labeling Theory - Howard Becker - ANSWER The belief that individuals subconsciously notice how others see or label them over time from the basis of their self-identity. Broken Windows Theory - Wilson and Kelling - ANSWER The theory explaining how social context and social cues impact whether individuals act deviantly; signs of disorder such as broken windows, litter, and graffiti induce other antisocial behaviors. Zimbardo's Standford Prison Experiment - ANSWER The force of labels and roles can affect us quickly as seen in the experiment; labeled people as either prisoner or guard and each fell into the role even though they were not actually criminals or prison guards but ordinary college students Lucifer Effect - ANSWER The understanding of how good people turn evil as demonstrated in Zimbardo's Prison Experiment. Hidden Curriculum - ANSWER The nonacademic socialization and training that take place in the schooling system Tracking - ANSWER A way of dividing students into different classes by ability or future plans. Meritocratic - ANSWER A system in which advancement is based on individual achievement or ability is referred to as: Social Class - ANSWER A group of people with similar backgrounds, incomes, and ways of living. It is composed of parental educational attainment, parental occupational status, family income, and family wealth. Socioeconomic Status (SES) - ANSWER A measure of prestige within a social group that is most often based on income and education. Cultural Capital - ANSWER The set of non-monetary social factors, such as symbolic and interactional resources, that contribute to people's advantages in various situations. What are the three types of cultural capital? - ANSWER embodied (e.g. piano playing skills), objectified (e.g. piano), institutionalized (e.g. acceptance into elite music school) Endogamy - ANSWER Marriage between people of the same social category Exogamy - ANSWER Marriage between people of different social categories Monogamy - ANSWER Marriage to only one person at a time Cohabitation - ANSWER Living together without being married Kinship Networks - ANSWER strings of relationships between people related by blood and co-residence (that is, marriage) Cult of Domesticity - ANSWER idealized view of women & home; women, self-less caregiver for children, refuge for husbands The Second Shift - ANSWER Women's responsibility for housework and child care; Is when working moms come home to a whole other job. Leisure Gap - ANSWER Men do less housework, watch more TV, sleep longer Supermom - ANSWER The "ideal" woman; she cooks, cleans, climbs the career ladder, all while being a devoted parent and loving partner The Sick Role - ANSWER concept describing the social rights and obligations of a sick individual The Sick Role - Rights - ANSWER (1) not perform normal social roles (depending on the severity) and (2) not to be held accountable for his or her condition The Sick Role - Obligations - ANSWER (1) try to get well and (2) to seek competent help and comply with doctor's' orders The Sick Role Paradox - ANSWER Sick people are at fault if they fail to take their medicine, continue to eat fried foods after a heart attack, or even smoke after a diagnosis of throat cancer. The Whitehall Study - ANSWER It focused on one occupational sector, the civil service, this study controlled or the differences between men in different occupations and examined the differences among men of different social classes in similar occupations. Men in lower ranks and lower status had much higher rates of common illnesses and ailments and higher mortality rates. None of the participants are poor, undernourished, and all have sufficient salary. Social stress from lower rank in hierarchy led to poorer outcomes. Height Inequalities - ANSWER Tall men benefit from their height because they have higher incomes, are more politically powerful, and are luckier in love. The Dutch have men with taller heights than in the U.S. even if this country is more prosperous than other developed European states. It is not only about wealth, but about equality. Postnatal Race Inequalities - ANSWER Black babies are twice as likely to die than white babies, black people have shorter life expectancies than whites, they have higher chances heart disease and cancer, have more health problems mostly because racism causes stress. Postnatal Socioeconomic Inequalities - ANSWER Higher-educated smoke less, eat better, exercise, and have more information than uneducated people which are subsequently poorer. Selection theory - SES and health are not correlated Drift explanation - health causes social position Social determinants theory - lower status causes bad health. Parenting Stress Hypothesis - ANSWER A paradigm in which low income, unstable employment, a lack of cultural resources, and a feeling of inferiority from social class comparisons exacerbate household stress levels. It leads to detrimental parenting practices such as yelling and hitting, which are not conducive to healthy child development. Relative Poverty - ANSWER A measurement of poverty based on a percentage of the