Pathophysiology Exam 2 Practice Questions With Complete Solution

Pathophysiology Exam 2 Practice Questions With Complete Solution A child is brought to the emergency department struggling to breathe with a prolonged bronchospasm and severe hypoxemia. Assessment revealed the use of accessory muscles, a weak cough, audible wheezing sound, moist skin, and tachycardia. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? a) Pulmonary embolism b) Severe asthma attack c) Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease d) Cystic fibrosis - CORRECT ANSWERS b) Severe asthma attack A client with a history of heart failure and COPD (caused by 60 pack/year smoking) presents to the clinic with the following complaints: auscultation of breath sounds reveal absent/diminished breath sounds in the right lower lobe. Which other manifestations lead the health care provider to suspect the client may have developed atelectasis? Select all that apply. a) "Having a hard time catching my breath." b) Respiratory rate—32; pulse rate—122 beats/minute. c) Using accessory muscles to help him breathe. d) "Seems like I'm not making much water (decreased urine production)." e) Copious amounts of thick, green sputum. - CORRECT ANSWERS a) "Having a hard time catching my breath." b) Respiratory rate—32; pulse rate—122 beats/minute. c) Using accessory muscles to help him breathe. The nurse is caring for the following clients. Select the client at highest risk for the development of atelectasis. a) The client who is mobile within 24 hours after abdominal surgery b) The client who is postop total knee replacement and receiving client-controlled analgesia c) The client with a lower leg cast who changes position every 2 hours d) The client diagnosed with pneumonia who performs frequent coughing and deep breathing exercises - CORRECT ANSWERS b) The client who is postop total knee replacement and receiving client-controlled analgesia Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive disorder involving the secretion of fluids in specific exocrine glands. The genetic defect in CF inclines a person to chronic respiratory infections from a small group of organisms. Which organisms create chronic infection in a child with cystic fibrosis? a) Staphylococcus aureus and hepatitis C b) Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli c) Haemophilus influenzae and influenza A d) Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus - CORRECT ANSWERS d) Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus The health care provider suspects a newly admitted client may have a hemothorax. The client most likely experienced: a) Renal failure b) Pneumonia c) Congestive heart failure d) Fractured or dislocated ribs - CORRECT ANSWERS d) Fractured or dislocated ribs Unilateral chest pain associated with respiratory movements is usually described as which of the following? a) Bronchitic b) Myocardial c) Pleuritic d) Musculoskeletal - CORRECT ANSWERS c) Pleuritic A car accident client is admitted with a chest tube following pneumothorax. He also has an elevated blood alcohol level. When the nurse enters his room, she notes the client is dyspneic, short of breath, and holding his chest tube in his hand. When the nurse pulls the linens back, she finds a "sucking" chest wound. After calling a "code blue," the next priority intervention would be to: a) Try to calm the patient down by maintaining therapeutic communication b) Apply a Vaseline gauze (airtight) dressing over the insertion site c) Observe and wait for the code blue team to bring equipment d) Place the client's meal napkin over the wound - CORRECT ANSWERS b) Apply a Vaseline gauze (airtight) dressing over the insertion site An elderly client who has been restricted to bed by numerous comorbidities for several weeks has been diagnosed with a large pleural effusion. Which of the following treatment modalities is most likely to resolve the client's most recent health problem? a) Thoracentesis b) Supplementary oxygen therapy c) Administration of bronchodilators d) Administration of corticosteroids - CORRECT ANSWERS a) Thoracentesis Acute-onset bronchial asthma causes wheezing and breathlessness as a result of which of the following? a) Pulmonary hypertension b) Alveolar collapse c) Compression atelectasis d) Airway inflammation - CORRECT ANSWERS d) Airway inflammation