USMLE First Aid Classic Findings Exam 2023 with Complete Solutions

Actinic keratosis - ANSWER-Often precedes squamous cell carcinoma Addison's disease - ANSWER-1° adrenocortical deficiency Albright's syndrome - ANSWER-Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, precocious puberty, café-au-lait spots, short stature, young girls Albuminocytologic dissociation - ANSWER-Guillain-Barré (↑ protein in CSF with only modest ↑ in cell count) Alport's syndrome - ANSWER-Hereditary nephritis with nerve deafness Anti-basement membrane antibodies - ANSWER-Goodpasture's syndrome Anticentromere antibodies - ANSWER-Scleroderma (CREST) Anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies (ANA antibodies) - ANSWER-SLE (type III hypersensitivity) Anti-epithelial cell antibodies - ANSWER-Pemphigus vulgaris Antigliadin antibodies - ANSWER-Celiac disease Antihistone antibodies - ANSWER-Drug-induced SLE Anti-IgG antibodies - ANSWER-Rheumatoid arthritis Antimitochondrial antibodies - ANSWER-1° biliary cirrhosis Antineutrophil antibodies - ANSWER-Vasculitis Antiplatelet antibodies - ANSWER-Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura Arachnodactyly - ANSWER-Marfan's syndrome Argyll Robertson pupil - ANSWER-Neurosyphilis Arnold-Chiari malformation - ANSWER-Cerebellar tonsillar herniation Aschoff bodies - ANSWER-Rheumatic fever Atrophy of the mammillary bodies - ANSWER-Wernicke's encephalopathy Auer rods - ANSWER-Acute myelogenous leukemia (especially the promyelocytic type) Autosplenectomy - ANSWER-Sickle cell anemia Babinski's sign - ANSWER-UMN lesion Baker's cyst in popliteal fossa - ANSWER-Rheumatoid arthritis "Bamboo spine" on x-ray - ANSWER-Ankylosing spondylitis Bartter's syndrome - ANSWER-Hyperreninemia Basophilic stippling of RBCs - ANSWER-Lead poisoning Becker's muscular dystrophy - ANSWER-Defective dystrophin; less severe than Duchenne's Bell's palsy - ANSWER-LMN CN VII palsy Bence Jones proteins - ANSWER-Multiple myeloma (kappa or lambda Ig light chains in urine), Waldenström's macroglobulinemia (IgM) Berger's disease - ANSWER-IgA nephropathy Bernard-Soulier disease - ANSWER-Defect in platelet adhesion Bilateral hilar adenopathy, uveitis - ANSWER-Sarcoidosis Birbeck granules on EM - ANSWER-Histiocytosis X (eosinophilic granuloma) Bloody tap on LP - ANSWER-Subarachnoid hemorrhage "Blue bloater" - ANSWER-Chronic bronchitis Blue-domed cysts - ANSWER-Fibrocystic change of the breast Blue sclera - ANSWER-Osteogenesis imperfecta Boot-shaped heart on x-ray - ANSWER-Tetralogy of Fallot; RVH Bouchard's nodes - ANSWER-Osteoarthritis (PIP swelling 2° to osteophytes) Boutonnière deformity - ANSWER-Rheumatoid arthritis Branching rods in oral infection - ANSWER-Actinomyces israelii "Brown tumor" of bone - ANSWER-Hemorrhage causes brown color of osteolytic cysts: 1. Hyperparathyroidism 2. Osteitis fibrosa cystica (von Recklinghausen's disease) Brushfield's spots - ANSWER-Down syndrome Bruton's disease - ANSWER-X-linked agammaglobulinemia Budd-Chiari syndrome - ANSWER-Posthepatic venous thrombosis Buerger's disease - ANSWER-Small/medium-artery vasculitis Burkitt's lymphoma - ANSWER-8:14 translocation; associated with EBV Burton's lines - ANSWER-Lead poisoning C-ANCA, P-ANCA - ANSWER-Wegener's granulomatosis, polyarteritis nodosa Café-au-lait spots on skin - ANSWER-Neurofibromatosis Caisson disease - ANSWER-Gas emboli Calf pseudohypertrophy - ANSWER-Duchenne's muscular dystrophy Call-Exner bodies - ANSWER-Granulosa-theca cell tumor of the ovary Cardiomegaly with apical atrophy - ANSWER-Chagas' disease Cerebriform nuclei - ANSWER-Mycosis fungoides (cutaneous T-cell lymphoma) Chagas' disease - ANSWER-Trypanosome infection Chancre - ANSWER-1° syphilis (not painful) Chancroid - ANSWER-Haemophilus ducreyi (painful) Charcot's triad - ANSWER-Multiple sclerosis (nystagmus, intention tremor, scanning speech), cholangitis (jaundice, RUQ pain, fever) Charcot-Leyden crystals - ANSWER-Bronchial asthma (eosinophil membranes) Chédiak-Higashi disease - ANSWER-Phagocyte deficiency Cherry-red spot on macula - ANSWER-Tay-Sachs, Niemann-Pick disease, central retinal artery occlusion Cheyne-Stokes respirations - ANSWER-Central apnea in CHF and ↑ intracranial pressure "Chocolate cysts" - ANSWER-Endometriosis (frequently involves both ovaries) Chronic atrophic gastritis - ANSWER-Predisposition to gastric carcinoma Chvostek's sign - ANSWER-Hypocalcemia (facial muscle spasm upon tapping) Clear cell adenocarcinoma of - ANSWER-DES exposure in utero Clue cells - ANSWER-Gardnerella vaginitis Codman's triangle on x-ray - ANSWER-Osteosarcoma Cold agglutinins - ANSWER-Mycoplasma pneumoniae, infectious mononucleosis Cold intolerance - ANSWER-Hypothyroidism Condylomata lata - ANSWER-2° syphilis Continuous machinery murmur - ANSWER-Patent ductus arteriosus Cori's disease - ANSWER-Debranching enzyme deficiency Cotton-wool spots - ANSWER-Chronic hypertension Cough, conjunctivitis, coryza - ANSWER-Measles Councilman bodies - ANSWER-Toxic or viral hepatitis Cowdry type A bodies - ANSWER-Herpesvirus Crescents in Bowman's capsule - ANSWER-Rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis Crigler-Najjar syndrome - ANSWER-Congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia Curling's ulcer - ANSWER-Acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns Currant-jelly sputum - ANSWER-Klebsiella Curschmann's spirals - ANSWER-Bronchial asthma (whorled mucous plugs) Cushing's ulcer - ANSWER-Acute gastric ulcer associated with CNS injury D-dimers - ANSWER-DIC Depigmentation of neurons in - ANSWER-Parkinson's disease (basal ganglia disorder--rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia) Dermatitis, dementia, diarrhea - ANSWER-Pellagra (niacin, vitamin B3 deficiency) Diabetes insipidus + exophthalmos + - ANSWER-Hand-Schüller-Christian disease Dog or cat bite - ANSWER-Pasteurella multocida Donovan bodies - ANSWER-Granuloma inguinale Dressler's syndrome - ANSWER-Post-MI fibrinous pericarditis Dubin-Johnson syndrome - ANSWER-Congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (black liver) Duchenne's muscular dystrophy - ANSWER-Deleted dystrophin gene (X-linked recessive) Eburnation - ANSWER-Osteoarthritis (polished, ivory-like appearance of bone) Edwards' syndrome - ANSWER-Trisomy 18 associated with rocker-bottom feet, low-set ears, heart disease Eisenmenger's complex - ANSWER-Late cyanosis shunt (uncorrected L → R shunt becomes R → L shunt) Elastic skin - ANSWER-Ehlers-Danlos syndrome Erb-Duchenne palsy - ANSWER-Superior trunk brachial plexus injury ("waiter's tip") Erythema chronicum migrans - ANSWER-Lyme disease Fanconi's syndrome - ANSWER-Proximal tubular reabsorption defect "Fat, female, forty, and fertile" - ANSWER-Acute cholecystitis Fatty liver - ANSWER-Alcoholism Ferruginous bodies - ANSWER-Asbestosis Gardner's syndrome - ANSWER-Colon polyps with osteomas and soft tissue tumors Gaucher's disease - ANSWER-Glucocerebrosidase deficiency Ghon focus - ANSWER-1° TB Gilbert's syndrome - ANSWER-Benign congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia Glanzmann's thrombasthenia - ANSWER-Defect in platelet aggregation Goodpasture's syndrome - ANSWER-Autoantibodies against alveolar and glomerular basement membrane proteins Gowers' maneuver - ANSWER-Duchenne's (use of patient's arms to help legs pick self off the floor) Guillain-Barré syndrome - ANSWER-Idiopathic polyneuritis "Hair-on-end" appearance on x-ray - ANSWER-β-thalassemia, sickle cell anemia (extramedullary hematopoiesis) Hand-Schüller-Christian disease - ANSWER-Chronic progressive histiocytosis HbF - ANSWER-Thalassemia major HbS - ANSWER-Sickle cell anemia hCG elevated - ANSWER-Choriocarcinoma, hydatidiform mole (occurs with and without embryo) Heberden's nodes - ANSWER-Osteoarthritis (DIP swelling 2° to osteophytes) Heinz bodies - ANSWER-G6PD deficiency Henoch-Schönlein purpura - ANSWER-Hypersensitivity vasculitis associated with hemorrhagic urticaria and URIs Heterophil antibodies - ANSWER-Infectious mononucleosis (EBV) High-output cardiac failure (dilated cardiomyopathy) - ANSWER-Wet beriberi (thiamine, vitamin B1 deficiency) HLA-B27 - ANSWER-Reiter's syndrome, ankylosing spondylitis HLA-DR3 or -DR4 - ANSWER-Diabetes mellitus type 1 (caused by autoimmune destruction of β cells) Homer Wright rosettes - ANSWER-Neuroblastoma