UNITED KINGDOM 6
Constitutional Monarchy 10
The Constitution: 11
The Crown: 11
Parliament 14
The House of Commons 14
- Whips: 15
- The Parliamentary Year (Session): 16
- How often are general elections held? 16
- By-Elections: 17
House of Lords 18
- Lords Spiritual: 18
- Lords Temporal: 19
Supreme Court Of The United Kingdom 21
- Role of the Supreme Court: 22
- UK Judicial System: 22
- Role of The Judicial Committee of the Privy Council: 23
The Functions of Parliament 24
Government 24
THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 26
Political System 28
The American Constitution 28
Limited Government 29
Federalism 29
Separation of Powers 30
Legislative Branch 31
- Functions of the House of Representatives: 31
- Functions of the Senate: 32
- How a Bill Becomes a Law: 32
Executive Branch 33
- Powers of The President: 34
- The Cabinet: 35
Judicial Branch 36
- The Supreme Court of Justice: 36
- Check and Balances: 37
Election System 38
- US Presidential Election: The Electoral College 39
THE CENTRAL POWERS (Triple Alliance) 41
➢ Germany 41
➢ Austria-Hungary 41
➢ Italy 42
THE ENTENTE POWERS (The Allied Powers) 42
➢ France 42
, ➢ Russia 42
➢ Britain 42
Four Steps to War 44
Naval Rivalry - Dreadnoughts 44
Morocco 44
The Balkans 44
Assassination at Sarajevo 45
The Schlieffen Plan 46
Grand Amount of Casualties 48
The Home Front in Britain 49
How WWI affected civilians at home: 49
The Different War Fronts 51
At Sea 51
In The Air 51
On Other Fronts 51
Main Events of the WWI on the Western Front 52
Long-Term Causes 53
Peasants 53
Workers 53
The Tsar 53
The Opposition 54
Bolsheviks 54
The Duma 54
The Short-Term Causes 55
Rasputin 55
Inflation and Unrest 55
The Revolutions Of 1917 55
USA Involvement: 57
Why did Germany lose the war? 57
The Versailles Peacemakers 58
Woodrow Wilson, USA 58
Clemenceau, France 58
Lloyd George, Britain 59
Making Peace 59
A Dictated Peace & The Terms of the Treaty 59
The Terms of the Treaty: 59
How did Germany react to the Treaty? 60
Criticism of the Treaty 61
The League of Nations 62
Setting up the League 62
Two Main Parts of the League 62
The Assembly 62
The Council 62
Aims of the League 63
, Purpose of the League 63
Three ways to make their decisions effective 63
Membership 63
The Attitude of Britain and France 64
The Agencies 64
The League in Action in the 1920s 65
Boundaries 65
The Corfu Incident (1923) 65
The ‘Locarno Honeymoon’ 65
The League of Nations in The 1930s 67
Manchuria (1931) 67
German Rearmament 67
Ethiopia 68
The Reasons for the Failure of the League of Nations 69
Britain Between the Wars 70
Post-War Economic Problems 70
Post-War Prices 70
Welfare and Housing 70
The Decline Of the Liberals 70
The First Labour Government 71
The General Strike 1926 71
Why was there a General Strike? 71
The Triple Alliance 72
The Strike Itself 72
Labour Victory 73
The Great Depression 73
The National Government 74
Economic Recovery 74
Political Life 74
The Second World War 74
The USA Between The Wars 75
Isolationism 75
Intolerance 75
Immigration 75
Racism 75
Why was there an industrial boom? 75
Did everyone enjoy the boom? 76
The Wall Street Crash 77
The Great Depression 77
Depression in agriculture 78
Opposition 78
Franklin D. Roosevelt and The New Deal 78
The New Deal 79
The Later New Deal 80
, Was the New Deal a failure? 80
Hitler 81
The Rise of Hitler 81
Germany 1912 - 1923 81
Hitler’s own beliefs. 82
Hitler Comes to Power, 1930 - 1935 83
Hitler’s Germany 84
Dictatorship 84
Life in Nazi Germany 85
Persecution of the Jews 86
Stalin and Russia (1928-1939) 88
The Five-Year Plans 88
Stalin’s Dictatorship 90
Mussolini and Italy 92
Turn Italy into a Fascist state. 93
“The Battle for Birth” campaign. 94
The Lateran Treaty 94
Foreign policy 95
The Rome-Berlin Axis 95
Germany and The Outbreak of the Second World War 96
Was Hitler to blame for the Second World War? 96
Steps to War (1933-1937) 96
1- Leaving the League, 1933 96
2- Germany’s Neighbours 96
3- Austria, 1934 96
4- Rearmament 97
5- The Rhineland, 1936 97
6- The Spanish Civil War 97
7- The Annexation of Austria, 1938 98
8- Czechoslovakia, 1938-1939 98
9- Appeasement 98
10- The Nazi-Soviet Pact, 1939 99
11- The Outbreak of War 100
What was Blitzkrieg? 101
The Phoney War, September 1939 to April 1940 101
The Battle of Britain, July-December 1940 102
Events From January to December 1941 103
Invasion of Russia 103
Eastern Europe 103
Italy Enters the War 104
Operation Barbarossa 104
The War at Sea 105
USA and Lend-Lease 105
Turning Points 1942-1943 107
, The Russian Front 1942-1943 107
The Teheran Conference 108
The Normandy Landing 1944 108
The End of The Third Reich 108
The Yalta Conference 108
The Fall of Germany 109
The Second World War in the Far East 110
Japanese Successes, 1937-1942 110
Pearl Harbor 110
Japan, 1942 - 1944 111
The Battle of The Coral Sea 111
The Battle of Midway 111
Allied Counter-Attack 111
Japan, 1944-1945 111
Battle of Leyte Gulf 111
Kamikaze Pilots 111
The End of The War 112
The Atomic Bomb 112
Potsdam 112
What options did Truman have? 112
The United Nations 113
Origins 113
Organisation and Differences from the League of Nations 113
The United Nations In Action 114
Aid Agencies 114
The Cold War 115
How did the second world war begin? 115
Yalta 115
Potsdam 116
The Truman Doctrine 116
Marshall Aid 117
Eastern Europe 117
Why did Berlin Become a Flashpoint? 118
Containment around the globe 119
What was happening in Korea? 119
The Dulles Year 119
The Berlin Wall 120
Cuba 120
Détente in the 1970s 121
The Vietnam War 121
Why did Berlin Become a Flashpoint? 122
The End of the Cold War 123
Constitutional Monarchy 10
The Constitution: 11
The Crown: 11
Parliament 14
The House of Commons 14
- Whips: 15
- The Parliamentary Year (Session): 16
- How often are general elections held? 16
- By-Elections: 17
House of Lords 18
- Lords Spiritual: 18
- Lords Temporal: 19
Supreme Court Of The United Kingdom 21
- Role of the Supreme Court: 22
- UK Judicial System: 22
- Role of The Judicial Committee of the Privy Council: 23
The Functions of Parliament 24
Government 24
THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 26
Political System 28
The American Constitution 28
Limited Government 29
Federalism 29
Separation of Powers 30
Legislative Branch 31
- Functions of the House of Representatives: 31
- Functions of the Senate: 32
- How a Bill Becomes a Law: 32
Executive Branch 33
- Powers of The President: 34
- The Cabinet: 35
Judicial Branch 36
- The Supreme Court of Justice: 36
- Check and Balances: 37
Election System 38
- US Presidential Election: The Electoral College 39
THE CENTRAL POWERS (Triple Alliance) 41
➢ Germany 41
➢ Austria-Hungary 41
➢ Italy 42
THE ENTENTE POWERS (The Allied Powers) 42
➢ France 42
, ➢ Russia 42
➢ Britain 42
Four Steps to War 44
Naval Rivalry - Dreadnoughts 44
Morocco 44
The Balkans 44
Assassination at Sarajevo 45
The Schlieffen Plan 46
Grand Amount of Casualties 48
The Home Front in Britain 49
How WWI affected civilians at home: 49
The Different War Fronts 51
At Sea 51
In The Air 51
On Other Fronts 51
Main Events of the WWI on the Western Front 52
Long-Term Causes 53
Peasants 53
Workers 53
The Tsar 53
The Opposition 54
Bolsheviks 54
The Duma 54
The Short-Term Causes 55
Rasputin 55
Inflation and Unrest 55
The Revolutions Of 1917 55
USA Involvement: 57
Why did Germany lose the war? 57
The Versailles Peacemakers 58
Woodrow Wilson, USA 58
Clemenceau, France 58
Lloyd George, Britain 59
Making Peace 59
A Dictated Peace & The Terms of the Treaty 59
The Terms of the Treaty: 59
How did Germany react to the Treaty? 60
Criticism of the Treaty 61
The League of Nations 62
Setting up the League 62
Two Main Parts of the League 62
The Assembly 62
The Council 62
Aims of the League 63
, Purpose of the League 63
Three ways to make their decisions effective 63
Membership 63
The Attitude of Britain and France 64
The Agencies 64
The League in Action in the 1920s 65
Boundaries 65
The Corfu Incident (1923) 65
The ‘Locarno Honeymoon’ 65
The League of Nations in The 1930s 67
Manchuria (1931) 67
German Rearmament 67
Ethiopia 68
The Reasons for the Failure of the League of Nations 69
Britain Between the Wars 70
Post-War Economic Problems 70
Post-War Prices 70
Welfare and Housing 70
The Decline Of the Liberals 70
The First Labour Government 71
The General Strike 1926 71
Why was there a General Strike? 71
The Triple Alliance 72
The Strike Itself 72
Labour Victory 73
The Great Depression 73
The National Government 74
Economic Recovery 74
Political Life 74
The Second World War 74
The USA Between The Wars 75
Isolationism 75
Intolerance 75
Immigration 75
Racism 75
Why was there an industrial boom? 75
Did everyone enjoy the boom? 76
The Wall Street Crash 77
The Great Depression 77
Depression in agriculture 78
Opposition 78
Franklin D. Roosevelt and The New Deal 78
The New Deal 79
The Later New Deal 80
, Was the New Deal a failure? 80
Hitler 81
The Rise of Hitler 81
Germany 1912 - 1923 81
Hitler’s own beliefs. 82
Hitler Comes to Power, 1930 - 1935 83
Hitler’s Germany 84
Dictatorship 84
Life in Nazi Germany 85
Persecution of the Jews 86
Stalin and Russia (1928-1939) 88
The Five-Year Plans 88
Stalin’s Dictatorship 90
Mussolini and Italy 92
Turn Italy into a Fascist state. 93
“The Battle for Birth” campaign. 94
The Lateran Treaty 94
Foreign policy 95
The Rome-Berlin Axis 95
Germany and The Outbreak of the Second World War 96
Was Hitler to blame for the Second World War? 96
Steps to War (1933-1937) 96
1- Leaving the League, 1933 96
2- Germany’s Neighbours 96
3- Austria, 1934 96
4- Rearmament 97
5- The Rhineland, 1936 97
6- The Spanish Civil War 97
7- The Annexation of Austria, 1938 98
8- Czechoslovakia, 1938-1939 98
9- Appeasement 98
10- The Nazi-Soviet Pact, 1939 99
11- The Outbreak of War 100
What was Blitzkrieg? 101
The Phoney War, September 1939 to April 1940 101
The Battle of Britain, July-December 1940 102
Events From January to December 1941 103
Invasion of Russia 103
Eastern Europe 103
Italy Enters the War 104
Operation Barbarossa 104
The War at Sea 105
USA and Lend-Lease 105
Turning Points 1942-1943 107
, The Russian Front 1942-1943 107
The Teheran Conference 108
The Normandy Landing 1944 108
The End of The Third Reich 108
The Yalta Conference 108
The Fall of Germany 109
The Second World War in the Far East 110
Japanese Successes, 1937-1942 110
Pearl Harbor 110
Japan, 1942 - 1944 111
The Battle of The Coral Sea 111
The Battle of Midway 111
Allied Counter-Attack 111
Japan, 1944-1945 111
Battle of Leyte Gulf 111
Kamikaze Pilots 111
The End of The War 112
The Atomic Bomb 112
Potsdam 112
What options did Truman have? 112
The United Nations 113
Origins 113
Organisation and Differences from the League of Nations 113
The United Nations In Action 114
Aid Agencies 114
The Cold War 115
How did the second world war begin? 115
Yalta 115
Potsdam 116
The Truman Doctrine 116
Marshall Aid 117
Eastern Europe 117
Why did Berlin Become a Flashpoint? 118
Containment around the globe 119
What was happening in Korea? 119
The Dulles Year 119
The Berlin Wall 120
Cuba 120
Détente in the 1970s 121
The Vietnam War 121
Why did Berlin Become a Flashpoint? 122
The End of the Cold War 123
