SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
3. Business Support Systems
M1S1 Information System - Provide job-related information support
to users at all
Information systems are interrelated
levels of a company.
components working together to collect,
- Management Information System (MIS)
process, store, and disseminate information to
support decision making, coordination, control,
4. Knowledge Management Systems
analysis, and visualization in an organization.
- Sometimes called expert systems
Major Types of Information System because they simulate human reasoning
by combining a knowledgebase and
• Enterprise Computing Systems inference rules that determine how the
• Transaction Processing Systems knowledge is applied
• Business Support Systems - A knowledge base consisting of a large
• Knowledge Management Systems database allows users of find
• User Productivity Systems information by clicking menus, typing
keywords, or entering text questions in
1. Enterprise Computing Systems normal English phrases.
- Refers to information systems that - Inference rules are logical rules that
support company-wide data identify data patterns
management requirements. and relationships.
- Ex: airline reservation, credit card billing - Fuzzy logic allows logical inferences to
- Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) be drawn from
systems provide cost-effective data imprecise relationships.
access for users and managers
throughout the company. 5. User Productivity Systems
- Provide employees at all
2. Transaction Processing Systems (TPS) organizational levels with a wide
- Transaction Processing (TP) systems and array of tools that can improve
Online Transaction Processing (OLTP) quality of job performance
systems are called operational systems - Ex: LAN, WAN, email, video
because they process data generated by conference
day-to-day business operations.
- Ex: customer billing, accounts
receivable, warranty claim processing.
, - Knowledge: Awareness and
understanding of a set of
information
6. Organizational Structure
• Top Management
- Top managers develop long-
range plans, called strategic • Valuable information
plans that define the company’s - Can help people and their
overall mission and goals. organizations perform tasks more
• Middle Management efficiently and effectively
- Middle managers focus their - Can help managers decide whether
goals on a shorter time frame, to invest in additional information
usually ranging from one month systems and technology
to one year.
- They develop plans to achieve • Feedback mechanism
business objectives in a process - The component that helps
called tactical planning. organizations achieve their goals,
• Lower Management such as increasing profits or
- Supervisors and team leaders improving customer service
oversee operational employees
and carry out day-to-day
operational plans.
• Operational Employees
- Operational employees
primarily use TP systems to
enter and receive data they
need to perform their jobs.
- A trend, called empowerment,
gives employees more Input, Processing, Output, Feedback
responsibility and
• Input – Gathering and capturing raw data
accountability.
• Processing – Converting or transforming data
into useful outputs
Information Concepts • Output – Production of useful information,
• Data, information, and knowledge usually in the form of documents and reports
- Data: Raw facts • Feedback – Output that is used to make
- Information: Collection of facts changes to input or processing activities
organized in such a way that they
have additional value beyond the
value of the facts themselves
Manual and Computerized Information
- Process: Set of logically related
Systems
tasks performed to achieve a
defined outcome • An information system can be:
, – Manual
Example: Developing patterns and trends on
graph paper for stock analysis
– Computerized
Example: Using program trading to track the
market and trade large blocks of stocks when
discrepancies occur
Computer-Based Information Systems
- Single set of hardware, software, databases, Business Information Systems
telecommunications, people, and - Most common types of information systems
procedures configured to collect, used are those designed for:
manipulate, store, and process data into • Electronic and mobile commerce –
information Transaction processing
- Information technology (IT) – Hardware, • Management information – Decision
software, databases, and support
telecommunications
CBIS components
- Hardware: Computer equipment
used to perform input, processing,
and output activities
- Software: Computer programs that
govern the operation of the
computer
- Database: Organized collection of
facts and information
- Telecommunications: Electronic Electronic and Mobile Commerce
transmission of signals for
• E-commerce
communications
- Any business transaction executed
- Networks: Connect computers and
electronically between:
equipment in a building, around the
▪ Companies (B2B)
country, and around the world
▪ Companies and consumers (B2C)
- Internet: World’s largest computer
▪ Consumers and other consumers (C2C)
network
▪ Business and the public sector
- People: Manage, run, program, and
▪ Consumers and the public sector
maintain the system
▪ Mobile commerce (m-commerce)
- Procedures: Strategies, policies,
– Transactions conducted anywhere,
methods, and rules for using a CBIS
anytime
▪ Electronic business (e-business)
– Uses information systems and the
Internet to perform all business-related
tasks and functions
, • Decision support systems
– Organized collection of people, procedures,
software, databases, and devices that support
problem-specific decision making
Enterprise Systems: Transaction Processing
Systems and Enterprise Resource Planning
• Transaction
– Any business-related exchange
• Transaction processing system (TPS)
– Organized collection of people,
procedures, software, databases, and
devices used to record completed business
transactions
• Enterprise resource planning
– Programs that manage the vital business
operations for an entire multisite, global
organization
Systems Development
• Creating or modifying existing business
systems
• Systems development failures can be a result
of:
– Poor planning and scheduling
– Insufficient management of risk
– Poor requirements determination
– Lack of user involvement
Information and Decision Support Systems • Outsourcing
– Allows a company to focus on what it does
• Management information systems
best and delegate other functions
– Organized collection of people, procedures,
software, databases, and devices
– Provides routine information to
managers/decision makers
3. Business Support Systems
M1S1 Information System - Provide job-related information support
to users at all
Information systems are interrelated
levels of a company.
components working together to collect,
- Management Information System (MIS)
process, store, and disseminate information to
support decision making, coordination, control,
4. Knowledge Management Systems
analysis, and visualization in an organization.
- Sometimes called expert systems
Major Types of Information System because they simulate human reasoning
by combining a knowledgebase and
• Enterprise Computing Systems inference rules that determine how the
• Transaction Processing Systems knowledge is applied
• Business Support Systems - A knowledge base consisting of a large
• Knowledge Management Systems database allows users of find
• User Productivity Systems information by clicking menus, typing
keywords, or entering text questions in
1. Enterprise Computing Systems normal English phrases.
- Refers to information systems that - Inference rules are logical rules that
support company-wide data identify data patterns
management requirements. and relationships.
- Ex: airline reservation, credit card billing - Fuzzy logic allows logical inferences to
- Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) be drawn from
systems provide cost-effective data imprecise relationships.
access for users and managers
throughout the company. 5. User Productivity Systems
- Provide employees at all
2. Transaction Processing Systems (TPS) organizational levels with a wide
- Transaction Processing (TP) systems and array of tools that can improve
Online Transaction Processing (OLTP) quality of job performance
systems are called operational systems - Ex: LAN, WAN, email, video
because they process data generated by conference
day-to-day business operations.
- Ex: customer billing, accounts
receivable, warranty claim processing.
, - Knowledge: Awareness and
understanding of a set of
information
6. Organizational Structure
• Top Management
- Top managers develop long-
range plans, called strategic • Valuable information
plans that define the company’s - Can help people and their
overall mission and goals. organizations perform tasks more
• Middle Management efficiently and effectively
- Middle managers focus their - Can help managers decide whether
goals on a shorter time frame, to invest in additional information
usually ranging from one month systems and technology
to one year.
- They develop plans to achieve • Feedback mechanism
business objectives in a process - The component that helps
called tactical planning. organizations achieve their goals,
• Lower Management such as increasing profits or
- Supervisors and team leaders improving customer service
oversee operational employees
and carry out day-to-day
operational plans.
• Operational Employees
- Operational employees
primarily use TP systems to
enter and receive data they
need to perform their jobs.
- A trend, called empowerment,
gives employees more Input, Processing, Output, Feedback
responsibility and
• Input – Gathering and capturing raw data
accountability.
• Processing – Converting or transforming data
into useful outputs
Information Concepts • Output – Production of useful information,
• Data, information, and knowledge usually in the form of documents and reports
- Data: Raw facts • Feedback – Output that is used to make
- Information: Collection of facts changes to input or processing activities
organized in such a way that they
have additional value beyond the
value of the facts themselves
Manual and Computerized Information
- Process: Set of logically related
Systems
tasks performed to achieve a
defined outcome • An information system can be:
, – Manual
Example: Developing patterns and trends on
graph paper for stock analysis
– Computerized
Example: Using program trading to track the
market and trade large blocks of stocks when
discrepancies occur
Computer-Based Information Systems
- Single set of hardware, software, databases, Business Information Systems
telecommunications, people, and - Most common types of information systems
procedures configured to collect, used are those designed for:
manipulate, store, and process data into • Electronic and mobile commerce –
information Transaction processing
- Information technology (IT) – Hardware, • Management information – Decision
software, databases, and support
telecommunications
CBIS components
- Hardware: Computer equipment
used to perform input, processing,
and output activities
- Software: Computer programs that
govern the operation of the
computer
- Database: Organized collection of
facts and information
- Telecommunications: Electronic Electronic and Mobile Commerce
transmission of signals for
• E-commerce
communications
- Any business transaction executed
- Networks: Connect computers and
electronically between:
equipment in a building, around the
▪ Companies (B2B)
country, and around the world
▪ Companies and consumers (B2C)
- Internet: World’s largest computer
▪ Consumers and other consumers (C2C)
network
▪ Business and the public sector
- People: Manage, run, program, and
▪ Consumers and the public sector
maintain the system
▪ Mobile commerce (m-commerce)
- Procedures: Strategies, policies,
– Transactions conducted anywhere,
methods, and rules for using a CBIS
anytime
▪ Electronic business (e-business)
– Uses information systems and the
Internet to perform all business-related
tasks and functions
, • Decision support systems
– Organized collection of people, procedures,
software, databases, and devices that support
problem-specific decision making
Enterprise Systems: Transaction Processing
Systems and Enterprise Resource Planning
• Transaction
– Any business-related exchange
• Transaction processing system (TPS)
– Organized collection of people,
procedures, software, databases, and
devices used to record completed business
transactions
• Enterprise resource planning
– Programs that manage the vital business
operations for an entire multisite, global
organization
Systems Development
• Creating or modifying existing business
systems
• Systems development failures can be a result
of:
– Poor planning and scheduling
– Insufficient management of risk
– Poor requirements determination
– Lack of user involvement
Information and Decision Support Systems • Outsourcing
– Allows a company to focus on what it does
• Management information systems
best and delegate other functions
– Organized collection of people, procedures,
software, databases, and devices
– Provides routine information to
managers/decision makers
