Introduction to Sociology Milestone 4

Introduction to Sociology - Milestone 4 The division of labor includes a variety of positions, from doctors to truck drivers. According to Davis and Moore, why are some positions better-paid than others? • None of the answer choices are correct. • If all positions were paid (approximately) equally, there would be no incentive to enter professions that are most-needed by society. • Some positions are filled only by upper-class people, who demand higher pay. • Some positions have a higher status. Those who work in those positions earn more. Researchers have found that, even when income and neighborhood quality are similar, banks are more likely to reject home mortgage applications from minority applicants than from white people. This is an example of which of the following? • Miscegenation • Stereotyping • Prejudice • Institutionalized discrimination Thorstein Veblen coined the term __________ to describe the outrageous display of wealth and symbols of wealth. • conspicuous consumption • white-collar • capitalism • meritocracy James has strong negative attitudes towards immigrants. He believes that immigrants are the reason why he doesn't have a job. James' beliefs about immigrants are an example of which of the following? • Prejudice • Ethnic discrimination • Racism • Discrimination A nation that has increased its standard of living so that most people can now acquire many products and services whenever they want, is in which of Rostow's stages of modernization? • High mass consumption • Drive to technological maturity • Traditional stage • Take-off stage Which of the following is a correct pairing? • Gender roles Discrimination based on sex • Patriarchy Rule by females • Gender roles Socially-structured responsibilities that are part of being male or female • Intersectionality The theory of how race influences opportunities Classmates Jenna and Damion discuss some of the topics that have come up in their sociology course. Jenna says, (A) "__________ is a problem in the United States, because there are too many people living in shelters and on the streets." Damion replies, "That's true, but the best way to deal with the problem is through trickle-down economics and (B) __________ — giving tax breaks to corporations so that they will create jobs." • (A) Relative poverty, (B) individual welfare • (A) Functional poverty, (B) corporate welfare • (A) Homelessness, (B) individual welfare • (A) Homelessness, (B) corporate welfare The Kuznets curve is a graphical representation of which of the following ideas? • Technological advances have an unpredictable relationship to social inequality. • Technological advances increase inequality in society before decreasing it. • Technological advances always lead to less inequality. • Technological advances always lead to more inequality. Which of the following is a correct pairing? • Sexual harassment Harassment that always occurs in the home • Feminism Support for equality between men and women • Sexual harassment Harassment that only involves physical contact • Feminism A position that promotes female dominance over men Emma is researching how different statuses, inlcuding race and gender, overlap to impact overall socioeconomic status. Emma's research pertains to which of the following theories? • Intersectionality theory • Structural-functional theory • Race conflict theory • Feminist theory Which of the following is an example of neocolonialism? • The United States facilitates the assassination of a socialist president so that a capitalist military leader can come to power in Chile. • Spanish settlers establish a colony in South America. • The United States invades Iraq and works to build a democratic nation. • A multinational mining corporation gains control of the tin mines in Bolivia through close ties with (and payments to) the Bolivian government. According to Karl Marx, __________ experience exploitation and inequality. • capitalists • colonial powers • proletarians • imperial powers Tammy and Michelle believe that capitalism perpetuates inequality between men and women. They organize a protest against the patriarchy entrenched in the capitalist system. Tammy and Michelle are part of which of the following groups of feminists? • Liberal feminists • Modern feminists • Radical feminists • Socialist feminists Which of the following statements about Emile Durkheim's perspective on religion is true? • All of the answer choices are correct. • Durkheim asserted that religion is based on sacred beliefs and rituals. • Durkheim saw religion as crucial to the continued maintenance of society. • Durkheim believed religion serves as a form of social solidarity, joining people together through rituals, customs, and symbols. Gary says he is prejudiced because his father was prejudiced. He believes that prejudicial attitudes are part of our society and are passed from generation to generation. Gary's comments illustrate which of the following theories of prejudice? • Authoritarian personality theory • Conflict theory • Culture theory • Scapegoat theory Which of the following identifies a society with a system of stratification that allows almost no social mobility? • Open society or class system • Bureaucracy • Meritocracy • Closed society or caste system In some parts of the world, arranged marriages bind women to men they did not choose to marry. These arrangements are an example of which of the following types of slavery? • Servile forms of marriage • Economic slavery • Indentured slavery • Sex slavery Brazil and Iran are examples of which of the following? • Low-income countries • High-income countries • Middle-income countries • Core countries Both white ethnic Americans and white Anglo-Saxon Protestants (WASPs) are white. What is the difference between these two ethnic groups? • White ethnic Americans trace their ancestry to the original inhabitants of North America; WASPs trace their ancestry to English Protestant groups. • White ethnic Americans descend from disadvantaged Europeans; WASPs descend from English Protestants. • White ethnic Americans trace their ancestry to white Europeans; WASPs are descended from disadvantaged English Protestants. • None of the answer choices are correct. When the Berlin Wall fell and the Soviet Union dissolved, many people experienced __________ because these large social changes impacted their life circumstances and position in society. • structural social mobility • the transition to a meritocracy • the dissolution of a caste system • the transition to a class system Select the statement about fundamentalists that is true. • Fundamentalists hold progressive beliefs and acknowledge non-traditional worldviews. • Fundamentalists believe that sacred texts provide general guidelines for living. They are not meant to be interpreted literally. • Fundamentalists acknowledge the beliefs of other religions, but only follow the rules and standards of their own. • Fundamentalists maintain that their beliefs are true, and any other beliefs are not. Which of the following statements is consistent with Immanuel Wallerstein's model of the capitalist world economy? • Low-income countries form the global economy's core. • The world economy does not make poor nations dependent on rich nations. • Colonization no longer serves as the foundation of the global economy. • Low-income countries form the global economy's periphery. The attacks on members of the Tutsi tribe by Hutus (another tribe in Rwanda), which were intended to eliminate the Tutsis, are an example of __________. • genocide • apartheid • segregation • pluralism