BEHS 343 Concepts exam 2023 with 100% correct answers

social clock society suggests when we should be in school, marry, work, have children, and retire. psychological clock the person's individual clock involving readiness for life's tasks. biological clock controls the body's readiness for activities that have a biological component, such as pregnancy Parental Responsiveness -aka parental warmth or supportiveness - the extent to which parents intentionally foster individuality, self-regulation, and self-assertion by being attuned, supportive, and acquiescent to children's specific needs and demands. Parental Demandingness -aka behavioral control -the claim parents make on children to become integrated into the family whole, by their maturity demands, supervision, disciplinary efforts, and willingness to confront the child who disobeys. punishment -results in a decrease in the rate or occurrence of a behavior -presenting unpleasant consequences hen a behavior occurs, with the result that the rate of behavior decreases and the behavior eventually disappears. reinforcement consequences that increase the rate of occurence of any response that it follows. -two types: positive and negative positive reinforcement the presentation of a pleasant consequence when a behavior occurs. Positive reinforcement can include anything that a person finds rewarding or pleasant, such as a stop at McDonald's, a trip to the park, public praise, a hug, or money. negative reinforcement removing something unpleasant when positive or desired behavior has occurred, thereby making it more likely that the response will be repeated when the unpleasant situation begins again. -Example: a child insists in a loud and demanding voice that her mother stop what she is doing and hem her skirt "right now." The child is sent to her room until she can make her request appropriately. When that occurs, the child may rejoin the family. An easy sequence to remember for effective negative reinforcement is the following: 1. Inappropriate or undesired behavior is displayed (child demanding her mother stop what she is doing to hem her skirt). 2. Something negative is applied until appropriate or desired behavior is displayed (child is sent to her room until she can make her request appropriately). 3. The negative reinforcement is removed (when she makes her request appropriately she isn't sent to her room). The key here is the last step. If the child makes the request in the appropriate way, the negative situation of being sent to her room will be removed. The removal of the unpleasant situation is negative reinforcement. This makes it more likely that the next time something unpleasant occurs, the child will again respond in a way that leads to the removal of something unpleasant. Thus, she received negative reinforcement.