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TEMA 2. CARDIOLOGÍA

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Apuntes del tema 2 de cardiología del libro EIR (Academia AMIR)

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March 10, 2023
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2022/2023
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TEMA 2: SEMIOLOGÍA CARDIOVASCULAR


CONCEPTOS:

• CIANOSIS: Coloración azulada debida a desaturación de oxígeno en sangre (hipoxia
mantenida).

• DINSEA: Sensación subjetiva de falta de aire.

• ORTOPNEA: Aparición de disnea en decúbito.

• DOLOR TORÁCICO: 3 tipos

1. DT ISQUÉMICO (angina): Door sordo, opresivo, en región precordial se irradia a
espalda, mandíbula o brazos.

2. D PRECORDIAL (dolor pléurico): Irritación del pericardio. Punzante, agudo.
Empeora con la respiración y el decúbito, y alivia al inclinarse hacia delante.

3. D DE SÍNDROME AÓRTICO AGUDO: Punzante, muy intenso (“puñalada”).

• EDEMA: Acumulación de líquido en el espacio intersticial e intracelular a causa de un ↑
de la presión intraventricular.

• PALPITACIONES: Percepción subjetiva de latido cardiaco.

• TOS: Tos de origen cardiovascular = seca + espasmódica + irritativa + nocturna.
Origen: HTA pulmonar por insuf. cardiaca izq.




MONITORIZACIÓN DE LA PRESIÓN VENOSA : Permite obtener información sobre la
presión de llenado de las cavidades derechas y el estado de precarga o volemia del
circuito cardiovascular.

DETERMINACIÓN SEMICUANTITATIVA DE LA PRESIÓN VENOSA CENTRAL (PVC) = Presión en
la aurícula derecha = presión diastólica del ventrículo derecho = precarga cardiaca.

· Debe examinarse colocando al paciente en posición semisentado (45º).

· Valores normales: 8-13 cm H2O.




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