Pathophysiology Final NUR 2063 final exam latest with 100% complete solutions

Pathophysiology Final NUR 2063 final exam latest with 100% complete solutions Gastritis and Etiology and patho - CORRECT ANSWER inflammation of stomach's mucolas lining (can involve entire stomach or region) can be acute or chronic. may be caused by h. pylori infection (imbeds in mucosal layer activating toxins and enzymes that cause inflammation. NSAIDS, chronic alcohol consumption, stress, trauma, burns, or infections, autoimmune conditions manifestations of gastritis - CORRECT ANSWER indigestion, heartburn, epigastric pain, abdominal cramping, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, fever, malaise. hematemesis and dark, tarry stools indicate ulceration and bleeding. chronic gastritis increases risk for peptic ulcers, gastric cancer, anemia, and hemorrhage. gastritis diagnosis/treatment - CORRECT ANSWER h&p, GI tract x ray, egd, serum h. pylori antibodies, h. pylori breath test, stool analysis (h. pylori and occult blood treatment-acute is self-limiting ususally resolves meds-antacids, acid-reducing agents, and mucosal barrier agents other strategies include those for GERD (diet, small meals, antacids) Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) - CORRECT ANSWER refers to erosive lesions affecting the muscularis mucosa of the stomach or duodenum. ulcers vary in size and severity, ranging from superficial erosions to complete penetration through GI tract wall peptic ulcer disease etiology and patho - CORRECT ANSWER ETIOLOGY: most commonly H. pylori and NSAID use. PATHO: develops because of an imbalance between destructive forces and protective mechanisms PUD duodenal ulcers - CORRECT ANSWER most commonly associated with excessive acid or H. pylori infections typically present with epigastric pain relieved in the presence of food PUD gastric ulcers - CORRECT ANSWER less frequent-more deadly typically associated with malignancy and NSAIDS pain worsens with eating PUD Stress ulcers - CORRECT ANSWER develop because of major physiological stressor on body due to local tissue ischemia, tissue acidosis, bile salts entering stomach, and decreased GI motility most frequently develop in stomach; multiple ulcers can form within hours of the precipitating event often hemorrhage is the first indication (vomiting blood or blood in stool) PUD manifestations/treatment - CORRECT ANSWER epigastric, abd. pain, abd. cramping, heartburn, indigestion, chest pain, nausea/voimiting, melena (dark, tarry stools), fatigue, unexplained weight loss Treatment: same as gastritis: antacids, mucosal barrier agents, acid-reducing agents possible surgical repair Iron-deficiency Anemia - CORRECT ANSWER Not enough iron for hemoglobin production erythrocytes pale and small Etiology: decreased iron consumption/absorption, increased bleeding manifestations in addition to "anemia": brittle nails, headache/irritability, pica, cyanosis of sclera of eyes, delayed healing Anemia - CORRECT ANSWER common acquired or inherited disorder of erythrocytes that impairs the bloods oxygen-carrying capacity. ETIOLOGY: decrease in # of circulating erythrocytes, reduction in hemoglobin content, presence of abnormal hemoglobin MANIFESTATIONS: weakness, fatigue, pallor, syncope, dyspnea, tachycardia