MS Foundations of Reading Test questions with correct answers 2023

MS Foundations of Reading Test questions with correct answers 2023affix an attachment to the end or beginning of base or root word. a generic term that describes prefixes and suffixes alliteration repetition of initial phoneme either across syllables or across words allophone phonetic variant of a phoneme in a particular language ex. star tar city alphabetic principle understanding that spoken words are decomposed into phonemes, and that the letters in written words represent the phonemes in spoken words when spoken words are represented in text balanced literacy an approach to reading instruction that strikes a compromise between phonics approaches and whole language approaches-- ideally the most effective strategies are drawn from the two approaches and synthesized together basal reader kind of book that is used to teach reading. it is based on an approach in which words are used as a whole. the words are used over and over in each succeeding lesson, new words are added regularly blending combining parts of a spoken word into a whole representation of the word decodable texts texts which do not contain irregular words. usually designed to reinforce certain rules that have previously been taught in phonics lessons decoding using knowledge of the conventions of spelling-sound relationships and knowledge about pronunciation of irregular words to derive a pronunciation of written words term that relates to the phonics and other word-level skills students learn that help them figure out the pronunciation of an unfamiliar word encountered in print "Sound it out" Sometimes referred to as "word attack skills" or "word identification skills" because the purpose of the skill learning is to break the code of written words down and translate the letters, affixes, syllables, and other word parts in a spoken word. digraph group of 2 successive letters who phonetic value is a single sound diphthong a gliding monosyllabic speech sound that starts at or near the articulatory position for one vowel and move to or toward the position of another ex oy in toy or ou in out extrinsic phonics phonics taught as a supplemental learning aid rather than as an integral part of the program of reading instruction, often in separate workbooks during special time periods fluent reading fast, smooth, effortless and automatic reading of text (can be silent reading or not) with attention focused on the meaning of the text grapheme a unit (letter or letters) of a writing system that represents one phoneme: a single symbol the has one phonemic correspondent within any particular word homonym word which is spelled and pronounced identically to another word, but has a different meaning ex. pool and pool table homophone a word which is spelled differently from another word, but pronounced identically ex. two to too and hoarse vs. horse idiom a phrase or expression that is understood in a given language. this expression has a meaning that differs from typical syntactic patters or that differs from the literal meaning of its parts taken together intrinsic phonics phonics taught implicitly in the context of authentic reading activities lexical refers to the words or the vocabulary of a language as distinguished from its grammar and construction lexicon often called the mental dictionary, the lexicon is a representation of all a knowledge a person has about individual words listening comprehension understanding speech. described in levels-- lower levels of listening comprehension would include understanding only the facts explicitly stated in a a spoken passage that has very simple syntax and uncomplicated vocabulary. advanced levels of listening comprehension would include implicit understanding and drawing inferences from spoke n passages that feature more complicated syntax and more advanced vocabulary matthew effect the rich get richer and the poor get poorer. in reading, this describes the difference between good readers and poor readers. gap widens with age metalinguistic language and terminology used to describe language and the component parts of language metaphor figure of speech in which a word or phrase is used in place of a more literal description. morpheme smallest meaningful unit of speech. can be a free form or bound form such as -s morphology an examination of the morphemic structure of words, an appreciation o the fact that words with common roots share common meanings and that affixes change words in predictable and consistent ways nonword a string of letters which cannot be pronounced and which has no meaning. onomatopoeia formation of a word by imitating the natural sound associated with the object or action