Foundations of Reading Pearson Exam questions with correct answers 2023/2024

Foundations of Reading Pearson Exam questions with correct answers 2023/2024Norm-referenced assessments allow for comparison of the performance of one student to the performance of other students in the same peer group. Reliability is the consistency of an assessment, test, or instrument across time or items. A reliable assessment should produce the similar scores for the same student if administered again. Validity is the extent to which an assessment, test, or instrument measures what it is supposed to measure. informal assessments refer to any assessment or data collection that is not norm-referenced or standardized. Fluency assessments measure the rate and automaticity that a student can complete a task. Criterion-referenced assessments compare the performance of a student to a particular criterion such as an objective or standard. Content validity is achieved when the items of an assessment, test, or instrument are representative of the content that is being measured. Predictive validity is a measure of an assessment, test, or instrument's ability to predict the performance on a different variable later in time. Informal reading inventories are instruments designed to assess decoding and comprehension levels (independent, instructional, and frustration). They are comprised of graded reading passages and vocabulary words across a range of skill levels. Student portfolios are a collection of student work (products/artifacts) that are selected to highlight accomplishments and achievement. Rubrics are used to rate a product with a scale and often descriptions. Predictable books use repeating words, phrases and sentences. They often have rhyming patterns that allow students to make guesses about what may happen next. Retelling is an assessment activity often used in the classroom where students assimilate and recall what they have read in an oral or written format to assess reading comprehension. Leveled texts are a selection of books (fiction and nonfiction) that range from the easiest to hardest. Structure, length, organization, vocabulary and words are some of the criteria for leveling books. Book-handling skills require a child to be able to correctly hold a book, turn pages, identify the front and back cover, understand that text is read from left to right, and that speech can be translated to print. Print directionality is the concept that print is written and read from left to right. Letter-sound correspondence is the association of a letter with a speech sound. Phonemes are units of speech sounds (letters or digraphs) represented by vocal gestures Alphabetic principle is the understanding that written letters and letter patterns represent sounds in spoken language. word boundaries knowing where one word ends and another one begins syllable is a word part that consists of at least 1 vowel or vowel sound. Phonemic awareness is recognizing and working with individual speech sounds in